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Hi and welcome to Inside US. In this video, we will talk about basic human anatomy and systems in human body. The human body can be studied. And understood in terms of various. Systems. Each of which is responsible for specific functions. Here are some of the major systems of the human body skeletal system,
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muscular system, cardiovascular system, nervous system. Respiratory. System, digestive system, urinary system, endocrine system. Lymphatics system. And reproductive. System. To understand how these. Systems work, you first need. To know a little bit about these systems. Number one, the skeletal system. The skeletal system is the body system. That provides structure and support for the body. It consists of bones and joints, which. Work together to. Allow movement. And protect internal organs.
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Bones are the heart calcified tissues that make up the skeleton. They are classified into four types. Long bones. Short bones. Flat bones. And irregular. Bones. Bones are connected to each. Other at. Joints which allow movement. The skeletal system also. Plays a number of important roles in the body. It provides support and protection for internal organs. Helps maintain posture and balance. And produces blood. Cells in the bone marrow. Number two. The muscular system.
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The muscular system is the body system. That is responsible. For movement and the maintenance of posture. It consists of muscles which. Are tissues that contract and relax to produce. Movement. There are three main types of muscles in the body. Skeletal muscles. Cardiac muscles. And smooth muscles. Muscles work in pairs with one muscle contracting while. The other relaxes. This allows. For movement in various. Directions. Muscles also work together with.
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Bones and joints to maintain posture and balance. They help regulate blood pressure, produce. Heat and store energy in the form of glycogen. They also protect against. Injury and. Help repair damaged. Tissue. Number three, the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular. System is the body system that is. Responsible for transporting. Oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells. And removing waste products from the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood.
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The heart is a muscular organ that pumps. Blood throughout. The body. Blood vessels are the tubes that carry blood. Throughout the body and blood is the fluid that circulates through the body in the blood vessels. The cardiovascular system is essential for the functioning. Of the body. It ensures that all of the body's cells receive the. Oxygen and nutrients. They need to survive and function properly. It also. Helps remove waste products. And maintain a healthy balance of fluids. In the body.
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Number four, the nervous system. The nervous system. Is the body system that. Is responsible for the control. And coordination of body functions. It consists. Of the brain, spinal. Cord and nerves. The brain. Is the control center of the nervous system it receives, and. Process is information from the senses and sends out commands. To the rest of the body. The spinal cord is a long tube like structure that runs from the brain down through the center of the back.
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It carries. Messages between the brain. And the rest of the body. Nerves are the long, thin fibers that carry. Messages to. And from the brain and. Spinal cord. They are made up of bundles. Of nerve. Cells called neurons and are found throughout. The body. Number five, the respiratory system. The respiratory. System is the body system that. Is responsible. For the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. It consists of the lungs, trachea and other structures.
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The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system. They are located in the chest. Enter responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube. Like structure that runs from the back of the throat to the. Lungs. It is lined with tiny hairs called cilia, which help to. Filter out debris from. The air. Other structures of the respiratory system include the bronchi and. Bronchioles.
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Which are tubes that branch off from the trachea and carry air to the. Alveoli and the. Diaphragm. Which is a sheet of muscle that separates the chest and abdomen and helps with breathing. The respiratory system plays a vital role in. Maintaining the body's oxygen supply. And removing waste products. Number six, the digestive system. The digestive system is the body system. That is responsible for breaking. Down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by. The body.
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It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The mouth is where food enters the body and where. The process. Of digestion begins. The mouth contains teeth which mechanically. Break. Down food and the tongue, which helps to mix food with saliva. The esophagus is a. Tube like structure. That connects the mouth to the stomach. It uses muscle contractions called peristalsis to move food down to the stomach. The stomach is a muscular sack
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that mixes and grinds food with stomach, acid and enzymes. The small intestine is a long, narrow. Tube that is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption. The large intestine. Is a wider tube that. Absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested. Food and forms feces. Which are then. Eliminated. From the body through the. Rectum and anus. The digestive system is essential for the body's ability to obtain and. Use nutrients from food. It also helps to eliminate.
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Waste products from the body. Number seven. The urinary. System. The urinary system. Also known as the renal system, is the body system. That is responsible for the filtering of waste products. From the blood and the. Excretion of these products from the body. It consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder injury thread. The kidneys are a pair of being shaped organs located. In the back of the abdomen. They are responsible for filtering waste products. Such. As urea and creatinine. The your.
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Readers are tubes that carry urine. From the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder is a muscular sack that. Stores urine until. It is eliminated. From the body through the urethra. The urethra is a tube that carries urine out of the body. In addition. To removing waste products, the urinary system helps to regulate the body's electrolyte. Balance and. Blood pressure and plays a role in the production of red. Blood cells. Number eight, the endocrine system.
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The endocrine system is the body system that. Is responsible for the production. And. Secretion of hormones. Which are chemical messengers. That regulate various bodily. Functions. It consists of glands such. As the thyroid. Pancreas and adrenal glands, which. Produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream. The thyroid. Gland is located in the neck. And produces hormones that regulate. Metabolism, the body's. Process. Of converting food into energy.
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The pancreas is located behind the stomach. And produces hormones. Such as insulin. That help regulate blood sugar. Levels. The adrenal glands. Which are located above. The kidneys. Produce hormones. Such as adrenaline that help. The body respond to stress. The endocrine system helps to regulate. Metabolism, growth and development and. The body's response to stress and other stimuli. Number nine, the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a body system.
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That is responsible for the circulation of a clear. Fluid called lymph and the defense of the body against infection and disease. It consists of a network of vessels called lymph vessels. That carry lymph throughout the body. As. Well as a number of lymphoid organs and. Tissues, such as the spleen, lymph nodes and tonsils, which help to. Filter and remove harmful. Substances from the lymph. Lymph is a clear fluid that contains white blood cells
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called lymphocytes, which help to fight infection and disease. The lymph nodes are small bean shaped. Organs that are located throughout the. Body and contain immune cells that help to fight infection. The spleen is an organ located in the abdomen that. Filters and removes old or damaged red blood. Cells and platelets from the blood. The tonsils are small masses of. Lymphoid tissue located in the back of the throat that help to filter and remove bacteria and other harmful. Substances from.
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The air we breathe. The lymphatic system plays a. Vital role. In the body's immune system and. Helps to protect the. Body against infection and disease. It also helps to maintain fluid balance in the body by. Returning excess. Fluid from the tissues back into the bloodstream. Number ten, the reproductive system. The reproductive. System is the body system. That is responsible for the production and transportation. Of gametes, sex cells. And the reproduction of offspring. In males.
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The reproductive. System consists of the testes. Which produce sperm. And the penis which transports. Sperm during. Sexual intercourse. In females, the. Reproductive. System consists of the ovaries. Which produce. Eggs and the uterus. Which provides a place for a fertilized. Egg to develop into a baby. The testes are a pair of male reproductive organs located in the scrotum. They produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. Which helps. To regulate male secondary sexual characteristics.
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Such as facial hair and a deeper voice. The penis is. A male reproductive organ that is responsible for the transportation. Of sperm during sexual intercourse. It is made up of spongy tissue that becomes engorged with blood. During sexual arousal. Causing it to become erect. The ovaries are a pair of female reproductive organs. Located in the pelvis. They produce. Sex. And the hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Which. Help to. Regulate the menstrual cycle. In females.
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Secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development. And. The appearance of body hair. The uterus is a female reproductive organ. Located in the pelvis. It is a muscular. Pear shaped organ that provides a place for a fertilized. Egg to develop into a baby. If fertilization. Does not occur. The uterus sheds. Its lining during menstruation. The reproductive system plays a vital role. In the continuation of the human species. It allows for the production and transportation. Of gametes.
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And the reproduction of offspring. In addition. Hormones produced by the reproductive system play a role. In the development and maintenance of. Secondary sexual characteristics and the regulation. Of the menstrual cycle.
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The skeletal system. The skeletal system is the body system. That provides structure and support for the body. It consists of bones and joints. Which work together to allow. Movement. And protect internal organs. Bones are the heart calcified tissues that make up the skeleton. They are classified into four types. Long bones. Short bones. Flat bones. And irregular bones. Long bones are found in. The arms, legs and fingers. They have a long shaft with rounded ends called Epa-Efe Ices.
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The EP offices contain the growth plates, also called Epiphany Puzzle plates, which are. Responsible for bone growth. During development. Long bones provide support and leverage for movement. Examples of long bones include the femur or the thigh bone and tibia, or the shinbone. Short bones are found in the. Wrists and ankles. They are shorter and wider than long bones and provide. Stability and support. Examples of short bones include the car balls or the wrist bones.
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And castles or the ankle bones. Flat bones are thin and flat with. Two parallel surfaces. They protect internal organs and provide a surface for muscle attachment. Examples of flat bones. Include the sternum or the breastbone and ribs. Irregular bones have complex shapes and. Serve a variety of. Functions. Examples of irregular bones include the vertebrae or the spinal. Bones and hip bones. Bones are connected. To each other. A joints which allow movement and help to maintain the body's posture.
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And. Balance. There are three main types. Of joints. Since arthritic. Joints. And both Roddick. Joints and diet. The Roddick. Joints. Sidharth Roddick joints, also called the movable joints, do not allow for any movement. They are found between. Bones that are tightly. Fuzed together, such as the bones of the skull and. Fourth Roddick. Joints. Also called slightly movable joints. Allow for limited. Movement. They are found in bones. That are connected by fibrous. Tissue, such as the. Vertebrae.
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De'ath Roddick. Joints, also called freely movable joints. Allow for a wide range of. Movement. They are further classified. Into four main types ball and socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder joints. Allow for a wide range of movement. In multiple planes, hinging since such as the elbow and knee joints allow for movement in one plane. Similar to the way a door hinges. Pivot joints such as the. Joint between the first two cervical vertebrae. The Atlas and axis allow. For.
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Rotational movement. Gliding joints such as the joints between. The capos wrist. Bones. Allow for. Sliding movement. Joints are held together by a. Combination of bones, ligaments, tendons and muscles. Ligaments are strong, fibrous. Bands of connective tissue that connect bones to. Other bones. Tendons are fibers, cords of. Connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. Muscles produce. Movement by. Contracting and relaxing. Which causes movement
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at the joint joints can be affected by a number of conditions. Such as arthritis. Which is a group of conditions that cause inflammation and pain in the joints and osteoporosis, which is a condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle. The skeletal system plays a. Number of important roles in the. Body including. Support. The skeletal system provides structural support for the body. And helps to maintain posture. And. Balance. Protection. The skeletal.
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System protects internal organs by surrounding. And encasing them. For example, the rib cage protects the heart and. Lungs. And the skull protects the brain. Movement. The skeletal system. Allows for movement through the action of muscles that are attached to. The bones. Production of. Blood cells. The bone. Marrow, which is the soft, spongy tissue inside the bones. Is responsible for the production of red and. White blood cells and platelets. Mineral storage.
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Bones act as a. Storage site for minerals. Such as calcium and phosphorus, which. Are essential for the proper functioning of the body. Endocrine function, the skeletal system. Produces hormones. Such as Osteo Carlsson and. Osteo or Tangerine, which play a role in the regulation. Of metabolism and the immune system. Overall, the skeletal system. Plays a vital role. In the health and function of the. Body. It provides structure and support, protects internal. Organs, allows for movement.
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And performs a number of important functions related to the production of. Blood cells and. The storage of minerals.
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The muscular system without muscle, humans could not live. The primary job. Of muscle is to move the bones of the skeleton, but muscles also. Enable the heart to. Beat and constitute the walls. Of other important hollow organs. There are three types of muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle. This type of muscle creates movement in the body. There are more than 600 skeletal. Muscles, and they makes up. About 40% of a person's. Body weight. When the nervous system. Signals the muscle.
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To contract, groups of muscles work together to move the skeleton. These signals and movements are nearly involuntary, yet they. Do require conscious. Effort. However, humans do not need to. Concentrate. On individual muscles when moving. Skeletal muscle tissue is made up of a collection of muscle. Fibers. Wrapped in connective tissue sheets. There are. Three types. Of connective tissue sheets named for their location, and dome ism surrounds individual muscle fibers. It is made up of a delicate.
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Layer of reticular fibers and permits only small diameter nerve fibers and capillaries. Thus acting as a sign of metabolic exchange. Prime ism is a slightly. Thicker layer of connective. Tissue consisting mainly of Typekit and eye collagen and. Surrounds a group of fibers. This fiber group is referred to as. A physical. Or. Bundle physical or the functional units of skeletal muscle tissue. The paramecium. Contains slightly. Larger blood. Vessels and. Nerve fibers than those traveling through.
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Endemism Animism. Surrounds the entire. Collection of Fazekas, making up an individual muscle. This dense connective tissue made up of mainly Type II collagen contains the neurovascular supply to the muscle. Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is involuntary muscle. This type makes up the walls of the heart and creates the steady, rhythmic pulsing that pumps blood through the body from. Signals from the brain. This muscle type. Also creates the electrical.
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Impulses. That produce the heart's contractions. But hormones and stimuli. From the nervous system. Can also affect these impulses, such as when. Your heart rate increases, when you're. Scared. It is. Capable of strong. Continuous. And rhythmic contractions that are. Automatically. Generated. The contractility. Can be altered by the. Autonomic nervous system and hormones. In addition, this tissue type has high metabolic energy and vascular demands. Cardiac muscle fibers are.
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Long branched cells shaped like cylinders joined end to end. With one or two nuclei. Located centrally. The fibers are separated by. Collagen as tissue that. Supports the capillary network of cardiac. Tissue. The myofilaments. Of cardiac muscle are arranged in a similar pattern to. Skeletal muscle. Resulting in cross. Striations. The fibers are crossed by linear. Bands called Interconnect discs. These structures have two important roles. Firstly they. Provide. Attachment points that.
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Provides the tissue with a characteristic branched pattern. Secondly, they allow cardiac muscle tissue to function as a functional sense idiom. Essentially, the contractile stimuli is propagated from. One cell to the next one, resulting in a. Synchronous contraction. Of the entire tissue section. Smooth muscle. Smooth muscle makes up the walls of hollow. Organs respiratory. Passageways and blood vessels. Its wavelike movements propel things through the bodily system, such as food.
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Through your stomach or urine through your bladder. Like cardiac muscle, smooth muscle is involuntary, and also contracts in response to stimuli. And nerve. Impulses. Muscle movement happens when. Neurological signals produce electrical. Changes in muscle cells. During this process. Calcium is released into the cells. And brings about a short muscle twitch. Problems with. The junction between the cells called a synapse can lead to. Neuromuscular diseases. Cardiovascular system, also known.
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As the circulatory system. Is a body system. That is responsible for pumping and distributing blood throughout the body. It is made up of the heart, blood vessels and blood
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heart. The heart is a muscular organ. Located in the chest that pumps blood throughout the. Body. It is about the size of a clenched fist and is located between the lungs. Behind the breastbone. The heart has four chambers, the left and right atria. And the left. And right ventricles. The right atrium is the upper chamber on the right side of the heart. It receives oxygen depleted blood from the body. And pumps it into the. Right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
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The right ventricle is the lower chamber on the right. Side of the heart. It pumps the oxygen. Depleted blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery to be. Oxygenated. The left. Atrium is the upper chamber on. The left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the. Left ventricle through the mitral valve. The left ventricle is the lower chamber on. The left side of the heart. It pumps the oxygenated.
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Blood out to the rest of the body through the aorta, the main artery of the body. The heart has its own. Electrical. Conducting system, which helps to. Coordinate and regulate its. Contractions. The sign away trial note. Also known as the Heart's Natural. Pacemaker, sends. Out electrical. Impulses that cause. The heart to. Contract and pump blood. The Atrioventricular node receives the electrical. Impulses. From the sign a wait real note. And conducts them. To the ventricles.
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Causing them to contract and pump blood. The heart also has four valves that help to regulate the flow of blood through the chambers and prevent blood from flowing back into the wrong chambers. The tricuspid. Valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the mitral valve is. Located between the left atrium and left ventricle. The aortic valve is located. Between the left ventricle and the aorta, and the.
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Pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Blood vessels. The blood vessels are tubes that carry blood throughout the body. There are three types of blood vessels. Arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to. The body cells. They have thick walls. And are able to withstand the high pressure of the blood. Being pumped from the heart. The aorta is the main artery of the body.
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And it branches off. Into smaller arteries that carry blood to. The head, arms, legs and. Other parts of the body. Veins are blood vessels that carry. Oxygen, depleted blood back to the heart. They have. Thinner walls than arteries and are not able. To withstand as much. Pressure. The superior and inferior vena. Cava are the main veins. Of the body, and they carry blood from the head. Arms. And upper body to. The heart. The pulmonary vein carries. Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
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Capillaries are tiny. Blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They are only one cell thick, which allows for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen. And waste products. Between the blood and the body's cells. There are thousands of miles of capillaries in the body and they are found in almost. Every tissue and organ. Overall, the blood vessels play a. Vital role in the cardiovascular. System as they. Transport blood throughout the body. And help to maintain the body's. Blood pressure.
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They also help to exchange nutrients, oxygen and waste products between the blood and the body's cells. Blood. Blood is a vital fluid that. Circulates through the body's. Blood vessels. And transports. Oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other substances to and from the cells. It also helps to maintain the body's balance and fights off infections and diseases. Blood is made up of red. And white blood cells and platelets suspended in plasma. Red blood cells. Or with or sites are the most abundant.
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Type of blood cells. They contain hemoglobin a. Protein. That binds to oxygen. And carries it to the. Body's cells. Red blood cells are produced. In the bone marrow and have a lifespan of about 120 days. White blood cells. Or. Leukocytes. Are responsible for. Defending the body against infection and disease. There are several different types of white blood. Cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophilic. White blood cells are produced.
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In the bone marrow and have a lifespan of several days to a few months. Platelets or. Thrombosis are small. Irregularly shaped cells that are involved. In blood clotting. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets clump together to form a clot that helps to stop the bleeding. Platelets are produced in the bone. Marrow and have a lifespan of about ten days. Plasma is the yellowish fluid component of blood that makes up about 50. 5% of its. Volume. It is made up of water.
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Proteins nutrients hormones. And other substances. Plasma helps to transport red and. White blood cells and platelets throughout. The body. And plays a vital role in maintaining the body's. Blood pressure. Overall blood. Plays a vital role in the body's. Overall health and well-being. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other substances to and from the cells and helps to maintain the body's balance. It also helps to defend the body against infection and disease and.
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Plays a role in blood. Clotting. Overall the. Cardiovascular system plays a vital role in. Maintaining the body's overall health and well-being. It helps to oxygenate the body's. Cells, remove waste products. And. Transport nutrients. Hormones and other substances throughout the body.
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The nervous. System. The nervous. System is a. Complex network of tissues and organs that coordinate the. Functions of. The body. It consists of the. Central nervous system. Which. Includes the brain and. Spinal cord. And the peripheral nervous system. Which consists of all. The nerves. That lie outside the. Central nervous. System. Central nervous. System. The central nervous. System is the. Control center of the body. It consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
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And is responsible for processing. And integrating sensory information, controlling movement and coordinating the body's functions. Brain The brain is a complex organ that is responsible for controlling all the body's. Functions, including thinking, feeling and behaving. It is divided. Into several different regions. Each with specific functions. The cerebrum is the largest and most complex part of the brain and is responsible for most of the brain's functions.
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It is divided into two hemispheres. Left and right. Which are connected. By a bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus. Callosum. The cerebrum is divided into four main lobes. The frontal lobe, the. Parietal lobe, the temporal lobe. And the occipital lobe. Each lobe is responsible for different. Functions, such as movement, sensation, language and vision. The cerebellum is located beneath the cerebrum and is responsible for coordinating. Movement and balance. The brainstem is.
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Located between the cerebrum. And the spinal. Cord and is responsible for controlling many. Of the body's automatic functions, such. As heartrate, breathing. And digestion. It is also involved. In the control of sleep. Wakefulness and consciousness. The hippocampus is. Located within the brain and is responsible for forming and storing. Memories. The amygdala is also located within the brain and is involved in the processing of emotions. And the formation of. Memories. Spinal cord.
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The spinal cord is a long. Slender tube of nerve tissue that runs from the brain down through the center of the back. It carries. Messages between the brain. And the rest of the body. And helps. Coordinate. Movement. It is protected by the vertebrae of the. Spine, which form. A hollow tube around it. The spinal cord is divided into different regions. Each with specific functions. The brain sends signals down the. Spinal cord to control the. Body's movements and functions, and the spinal.
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Cord sends sensory information. Back to the brain. The spinal cord is made up of nerve cells, neurons and supportive cells. Glial cells. The neurons are responsible for carrying messages to and from the brain. While the glial cells. Provide support and protection. For the neurons.
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Peripheral nervous. System. The peripheral nervous. System is one of the two components that make. Up the nervous system. Of human. Body. It consists. Of nerves. And ganglia which lie outside the brain and the spinal cord. The main. Function of the peripheral nervous. System is to connect the. Central nervous system. To the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between. The brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. The peripheral nervous. System can be divided
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into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic. Nervous system. The so meiotic system is the. Part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous. System. The somatic system is. Responsible for transmitting. Sensory information as well as for. Controlling voluntary. Movement. This system contains two. Major types of neurons motor. Neurons also. Called efferent neurons.
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Motor neurons carry information from the brain and spinal cord to muscle fibers throughout the body. These motor neurons. Allow us to take physical action in response to stimuli in the environment. Sensory neurons also called afferent neurons. Sensory neurons carry information. From the nerves to the central nervous. System. The sensory neurons. Allow us to take. In sensory. Information and send. It to the brain and. Spinal cord. The autonomic. Nervous system. The autonomic system is.
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The part of the peripheral nervous. System. That's responsible for regulating involuntary body. Functions such as blood flow, heartbeat, digestion and breathing. In other words, it is the autonomic system that controls aspects of the. Body that are usually not under voluntary control. This system allows these functions to take place without needing to consciously think about them happening. The autonomic system is. Further divided into two. Branches sympathetic system by.
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Regulating the flight or flight response. This sympathetic system. Prepares the body to expend energy to respond to environmental threats. When action is needed. The sympathetic system triggers a response by accelerating heartrate, increasing breathing rate. Boosting blood flow to muscles, activating sweat secretion and dilating the pupils. Parasympathetic. System. This helps maintain normal body functions and. Conserve physical. Resources. Once a threat has passed, this system will slow.
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The heart rate, slow breathing, reduce blood flow. To muscles and. Constrict the. Pupils. This allows the body to return to a normal resting state.
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The respiratory. System. The respiratory system is a group of organs responsible for taking. In oxygen, eliminating carbon dioxide, and maintaining. Proper. Balance. In the body. It consists of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial nose and alveoli. Nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is a hollow space in the head that is located above and behind the nose. It is lined with a moist, thin membrane called the mucosa, which is. Rich in blood. Vessels and contains.
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Tiny hair like structures called. Cilia. These cilia help to. Filter out dirt and other particles that. May be inhaled. The nasal cavity has several functions. It warms and moisten the air that is breathed in, which helps to keep the respiratory tract moist and prevents the mucosa from drying out. It also filters the air, removing. Dust pollen. And other particles. That may be harmful. To the body. The nasal cavity is lined with tiny. Hair like structures. Called cilia that help to sweep.
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These particles out of the airway and prevent them from entering the lungs. The nasal cavity also helps to detect odors. It contains small sensitive cells called. Olfactory neurons. Which. Are responsible for detecting. And identifying different smells. When an odorant molecule. Is inhaled, it binds to receptors on the olfactory. Neurons, triggering a response that is sent to the brain. The brain then interprets the signal. As a specific smell. Pharynx, the pharynx, also known. As the throat.
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Is a muscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus and larynx. It serves as a. Common passageway for both air and food and. Plays a vital role in the respiratory and. Digestive systems. The pharynx is divided. Into three. Regions the. Nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx offerings. The nasopharynx is the upper part of the pharynx that. Is located behind the nasal. Cavity. It is separated from the. Nasal cavity by the soft palate, which is a. Muscular structure.
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That moves up and down to close off the nasal cavity. When we swallow. The oral pharynx is the middle part of the pharynx. And is located behind the mouth. The larynx conference is the lower part of the pharynx. And is located behind the larynx. The pharynx is lined with a mucous. Membrane. That helps to moisten and. Protect. The tissues. It contains several small muscles that help to move food and liquids from the mouth to the esophagus. And to prevent them from entering the respiratory.
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System. The pharynx also contains the tonsils, which. Are small round masses of lymphoid. Tissue that help to defend the body against infection. The pharynx also plays a role. In speech as the sound waves. That are produced by the larynx pass through it on their way out of the body. Larynx. The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a muscular. Organ located at the top of the trachea. Or the windpipe. It is responsible for producing. Sound. Protecting the trachea from foreign objects.
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And regulating the flow of. Air to and from the. Lungs. The larynx. Contains the vocal cords, which are. Two bands. Of elastic tissue. That stretch across the larynx and vibrate when air passes through them. The vibrations of the vocal cords produce. Sound waves. Which are. Then modified. By the surrounding structures of the larynx. Such as the tongue, lips and teeth. To produce. Speech. The pitch of the. Sound produced by the vocal cords depends on their. Tension and thickness.
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The larynx also contains the epiglottis, a. Flap of cartilage that covers. The opening to the trachea. When we swallow. This helps to prevent food. And liquids from entering the airway and lungs. The larynx. Also. Has a series of small. Muscles that help to open and close the opening. To the trachea. Called the Glonass and to. Control the. Flow of air. In addition to its role in. Speech and protection of the airway, the larynx also plays a role in maintaining the proper. Balance. In the body.
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It does this by controlling the rate of respiration. Which is the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in the. Body. Trachea. The trachea. Also known as the windpipe, is a tube. Like structure that extends from the larynx voice box to the bronchi. In the lungs. It is composed. Of rings of cartilage. That help to keep. The trachea. Open. And prevent it from collapsing. The trachea is lined with a mucous membrane that helps to. Moisten and protect the. Tissues.
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It is also lined with small. Hair like structures. Called cilia that help to sweep mucus. And other debris out of the airway. The trachea is about four. Inches long and about one inch in diameter. It is divided into. Two main branches. Called. The bronchi. Which lead. To the right. And left lungs. The trachea and. Bronchi are part of the respiratory. System. And are responsible for carrying. Air to and from the lungs. Bronchi. The bronchi are the two main air tubes that branch off the trachea.
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And lead to the lungs. Each bronchus enters a. Lung and divides into smaller tubes. Called. Bronchioles, which. In turn. Divide into even smaller tubes called alveoli, i.e.. The bronchi and. Bronchioles. Make up the bronchial tree, which is responsible for distributing. Air to the alveoli. The bronchi are lined. With a mucous membrane that helps to. Moisten and protect the. Tissues. They also contain. Tiny hair like structures. Called cilia in. Mucus producing. Cells that.
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Help to filter out dirt and other particles. May be inhaled. The cilia and mucus work. Together to sweep these particles out of the bronchi and prevent them from entering the. Lungs. The bronchi also contain small muscles that help. To control the flow of air to and from the lungs. During inhalation. The muscles. In the bronchi relax. And the walls of the bronchi expand. Allowing air to flow. In during the exhalation. The muscles. In the bronchi contract. And the.
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Walls of the bronchi narrow, forcing air out of the. Lungs. The digestive system. The digestive system. Is a group of organs that work together to convert food into. Energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire. Body. Food is broken down. Mechanically and chemically in the mouth. Then moves through. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Before being eliminated from the body. The organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus,
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stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. The liver, gallbladder. And pancreas also play important roles in the digestive process. Mouth. The mouth plays a vital role in the digestive system, as. It is the first point. Of contact between the body and food. The process of digestion begins in the mouth with the. Mechanical breakdown of food through the. Process of chewing. Food is with saliva, which contains the enzyme amylase. Responsible for breaking down carbohydrates.
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The tongue helps to mix the food with saliva and also helps in moving the food to the back of the mouth for swallowing. The act of swallowing, also known as agglutination, is a complex process that is controlled by several muscles in the mouth, throat and esophagus. In addition to breaking down food, the mouth also. Plays a role in the. Sense of taste, which helps the body to identify. And discern between different types. Of food. Esophagus.
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The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. It is responsible for transporting food. From the mouth to the stomach, using a series of muscular contractions known as peristalsis. The esophagus also. Has a ring like. Muscle at the top. Known as. The upper. Esophageal sphincter, which helps to keep food and stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. This muscle relaxes. To allow food. To pass through and then tightens to prevent.
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The backflow of stomach contents. The esophagus also. Has a lower esophageal. Sphincter, which is located at the bottom and separates the esophagus from the stomach. Stomach. The stomach is a muscular sac that. Plays a crucial role. In the digestion of food. It mixes food with stomach acid and digestive enzymes, which. Helps to break down proteins. And kill harmful bacteria. The stomach. Also releases a hormone called ghrelin. Which signals. To the brain that the. Body is hungry.
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As food enters the stomach. It is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes. To form a thick liquid. Called kime. The stomach then releases. The kind into the small intestine in small amounts. Allowing for proper. Digestion and absorption. The stomach is. Able to stretch to accommodate large amounts of. Food and also has the ability to. Temporarily store food. Releasing it into the small intestine as needed. Small intestine. The small intestine is a long coiled tube that.
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Is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption. The walls of the small intestine. Are lined. With tiny. Finger like projections. Called villi and microvilli, which. Greatly increases the surface area for absorption. The small intestine also. Plays a role in the secretion. Of bile, which. Is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile helps to emulsify fats, making them easier to digest. The small intestine also receives enzymes from the pancreas, which aid in the digestion.
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Of proteins and. Fats. Large intestine. The large intestine is a tube. Like organ that is responsible for absorbing water and. Electrolytes from undigested food. It also plays a role in the formation. Of feces, which is eliminated. From the body through the rectum. And anus. The large intestine. Also houses beneficial. Bacteria, which aid in the breakdown. Of undigested food and. Produce certain. Vitamins. Rectum. The rectum. Is the last section. Of the large.
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Intestine and plays a key role in the elimination of. Waste from the body. It is a. Muscular tube that temporarily stores feces. They are eliminated through the anus. The rectum also plays a role in the process. Of defecation, which is the act of passing feces from the. Body. The rectum is sensitive. To the presence of. Feces and sends signals to the brain indicating that a bowel movement is needed. The rectum also has a muscle called the rectal sphincter, which. Controls the release. Of feces.
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It is important to note that the rectum can also store gas. And have. To release. It via the anus anus. The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive. Tract through which feces are eliminated from the body. It is made up of several muscles, including the external and internal anal sphincters which. Control the release of. Feces. The external anal sphincter is under conscious control. While the internal anal. Sphincter is controlled. By the autonomic. Nervous. System. The anus also has.
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A rich blood. Supply which helps to. Protect. Against injury and infection. It is. Important to. Note that the anus is also a sensitive organ as it contains. A large number of nerve. Endings. The urinary. System. The urinary. System also known as the renal system, is. Responsible for filtering the. Blood. Removing waste products and regulating. The body's fluid balance. The main. Organs of the urinary. System include the kidneys, ureters, bladder. And urethra. Kidneys. The kidneys.
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Are a pair of being shaped organs located. In the upper abdomen. On either side of the. Spine. They are responsible for filtering the blood and removing waste products. Such. As urea. And creatinine from the. Body. The kidneys also help. To regulate the body's electrolyte. Balance, such as sodium and potassium and. Blood pressure. They also produce hormones that regulate red blood cell. Production and. Promote. Bone health. The kidneys. Filter the blood through small structures called nephrons,
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which remove waste products. And. Excess water from the. Blood to form urine. The urine then flows through the renal. Pelvis, which is the funnel. Like structure at the center of each. Kidney and into. The euridice Eurydice. The Eurydice are a pair of thin. Muscular tubes that. Transport urine from the. Kidneys to the bladder. The Eurydice use a series of muscular contractions. Called Peristalsis to move. Urine through the urinary tract. The Eurydice also have a valve like.
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Structure at the junction with the. Bladder called. The Your Reader, a. Vesicle junction. Which prevents urine from flowing back. Into the kidney's bladder. The bladder is a muscular sac located in the lower abdomen. That stores urine. Until it is eliminated. From the body. The walls of. The bladder are composed. Of smooth muscle, which. Allows the bladder to. Expand as it fills. With urine. The bladder. Also has a muscle called the. Urinary. Sphincter. Which controls the release of urine.
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The bladder can stretch. And hold. Up to 400 600 milliliters of urine before the person feels the urge to urinate. Urethra. The urethra is a tube like structure that carries urine from the bladder. To the outside of. The body. In males, the. Urethra is longer, approximately 20 centimeters in length. And also carries semen during the ejaculation. In females, the. Urethra is shorter approximately four centimeters. In length and located. Closer to the clitoris and. Vaginal opening.
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The urethra is lined with mucous membrane and has a rich blood. Supply, which helps. To prevent. Infection and injury. The endocrine system. The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and. Hormones that regulate various. Bodily functions, including growth, development, metabolism and reproduction. The endocrine system works closely with the nervous. System to help. The body respond to. Changes. In the environment. Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland.
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Also known as the master gland, is located at the. Base of the brain and plays a key role in regulating. The endocrine system. It produces several hormones, including growth hormone. Which stimulates. Growth in cell reproduction. Prolactin, which stimulates. Milk production. In females. Thyroid stimulating hormone, which regulates the thyroid gland. And adrenaline portico tropic hormone. Which. Regulates the adrenal. Glands. Thyroid gland. The thyroid gland. Is located in the neck.
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And produces hormones that regulate. Metabolism including. T r e do that grown in e, D3 and thyroxine. T4. These hormones help to control the body's energy use and heat production. The thyroid. Gland also produces. Calcitonin, which helps to regulate calcium levels in the blood. Parathyroid gland. The parathyroid gland is located near the thyroid. Gland. And produces a parathyroid hormone. Which helps. To. Regulate calcium levels in the blood. PTA works in opposition to Calcitonin, stimulating.
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The release. Of calcium from bone tissue and the absorption of calcium in the kidneys and intestines. Adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are located. On top of each kidney. And produce a variety of. Hormones. Including adrenaline and noradrenaline. Which help. To regulate the body's fight. Flight Response to stress. The adrenal. Glands also produce hormones that regulate. The body's metabolism. Such as cortisol. Which helps. To regulate blood. Levels and.
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The body's response to stress and aldosterone, which helps to regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Pancreas. The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that. Produces hormones. Such as insulin and glucagon, which help. To regulate blood sugar. Levels. Insulin promotes the. Uptake and. Storage of glucose. In cells, while glucagon. Promotes the breakdown of stored glycogen. To glucose. The pancreas also produces.
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Digestive enzymes that aid in the digestion of food in the small intestine. Ovaries and testes. The ovaries and testes are. The primary reproductive organs and produce hormones that regulate the body's reproductive. Functions. In females, the. Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the. Menstrual cycle. In. Pregnancy. In males, the. Testes produce testosterone. Which regulates the development of male. Secondary sexual characteristics in sperm production. Pineal gland.
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The pineal gland is a small. Endocrine gland located in the brain that produces the hormone. Melatonin, which helps to. Regulate. The body's sleep wake cycle. Thymus. The thymus is a small gland located in the. Chest that produces hormones. That play a role in the immune system, such as thymus in and thymic hormones, which help to. Regulate. The development and function of T lymphocytes, which are. Basically white blood. Cells that. Play a role in the immune. Response.
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All these hormones produced by. The glands of the endocrine system work. Together in a complex network to regulate various. Bodily functions, including growth, metabolism. And reproduction. Hormones produced by the endocrine system travel through the bloodstream to reach their target. Cells or organs where they bind to. Specific receptors and trigger a. Response. In addition. To the hormones produced by the. Glands of the endocrine system. Other hormones such as those produced.
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By the hypothalamus and the pancreas, also. Play a critical role in regulating various. Bodily functions. For example, the hypothalamus. Produces hormones that regulate the release of hormones from the pituitary gland and controls. Functions such as hunger. Thirst and body temperature. It's important to note. That imbalances or dysfunction of the endocrine system can lead. To various. Health conditions such as diabetes. Thyroid disorders and hormonal. Cancers. Regular checkups and.
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Screenings can help to detect and manage these conditions early on. The lymphatic system, the lymphatic system is. A crucial part of the. Body's immune system and. Helps to protect the. Body against disease and infection. It is a network of vessels, organs and tissues that help to remove waste and toxins from the body, as well as. Playing a crucial role. In the immune system. Lymph vessels. The lymph. Vessels are a network of thin walled. Vessels that. Run parallel to the circulatory. System.
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They transport a clear. Watery fluid called lymph, which contains immune cells and waste products from the body's tissues. The lymph vessels have one way valves. That help to prevent the backflow of lymph and rely on muscle contractions and breathing to move the lymph through the. Vessels. The lymph vessels also pick up excess fluids. Proteins and other materials. That leak out of the blood vessels. And return them back. To the bloodstream. Lymph nodes. The lymph nodes are small, being.
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Shaped structures located throughout the body, particularly. In the neck, armpit, groin and abdomen. They act as. Filters for the lymph, trapping any foreign. Substances such as. Bacteria or cancer. Cells. The immune cells in the lymph nodes then. Work to destroy these. Harmful substances. The lymph nodes. Also have a rich blood. Supply, which helps to. Nourish and support. The immune cells. Spleen. The spleen. Is an organ located in the. Upper left abdomen that acts. As a filter for the. Blood.
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Similar to the lymph nodes. It also. Plays a role in the production and storage of white blood cells, particularly. Lymphocytes and monocytes. The spleen also. Helps to remove old or damaged red. Blood cells and. Platelets from the. Circulation. Thymus. The famous is a gland located in the chest. That is responsible for the. Production and. Maturation of. A type of white blood cells called T lymphocytes, which play. A crucial role in the immune response. T lymphocytes also called T cells.
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Are a type of white blood cells that are crucial for the immune. Response. Are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus. Tonsils. The tonsils are. Clusters of lymphoid tissue. Located in the back of. The throat. And. Help to protect. Against inhaled. Foreign. Substances. Tonsils also produce. Lymphocytes that help to identify and fight off. Invading microorganisms. Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue. Mart mall to our. Small clusters of lymphoid tissue. Found in various mucous.
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Membranes throughout the body. Such. As the respiratory and digestive tract. Which. Also help to protect. Against inhaled and ingested. Foreign. Substances. Mall are important part of the immune system. They are found in the mucous. Membrane. Which lines the body's internal cavities. In. Surfaces that communicate with the environment. Such as the respiratory and digestive tracts. The lymphatic system also. Plays a crucial role. In the immune. Response by producing.
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Transporting and housing white blood cells such as lymphocytes and monocytes, which help to fight against invading. Microorganisms. And. Foreign. Substances. Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Are produced. In the bone marrow and mature in the thymus spleen and lymph nodes. These cells are responsible for recognizing and responding to foreign invaders in the body. Such as viruses and bacteria. Another important. Function of the lymphatic system is to maintain fluid balance in the.
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Body by returning. Excess fluid and proteins from the tissues back into. The circulatory. System. This helps to prevent the. Buildup of fluids in the tissues and helps to. Keep blood pressure and. Fluid balance at normal levels. It is important to note that disorders of the. Lymphatic system, such as lymphedema, which is swelling caused by a buildup of lymph in the tissues and lymphoma, which is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, can occur. Lymphedema can.
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Occur due to injury surgery, radiation therapy or congenital. Defects that affect the lymphatic vessels. It can cause swelling in the limbs. Face or other parts of the body. Lymphoma is a cancer of the. Lymphatic system, which can affect the lymph nodes, spleen and other organs. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss and fatigue. The lymphatic system also. Plays a critical role in the body's response. To inflammation, which.
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Is a natural response to injury or. Infection. Inflammation occurs when the immune cells in the lymphatic system. Respond to harmful. Stimuli, such as pathogens or damaged cells. The immune cells release chemicals that cause the blood vessels to dilate, increasing blood flow to the affected. Area and bringing in more. Immune cells to help fight the infection. In addition to its role in the immune system and fluid balance, the lymphatic system also. Plays a crucial role.
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In the body's fat metabolism. It helps. To transport fats from the. Small intestine to the. Bloodstream, where they can. Be used as energy. Or stored. Overall, the lymphatic system is a. Vital part of the body's. Overall health and well-being. It helps. To protect. The body against disease and infection, maintain fluid balance and. Play a role in the body's immune response. Fat metabolism. And other important. Functions. It is important to take care of the.
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Lymphatic system by maintaining a healthy diet, staying active and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. It's also. Important to have regular. Checkups and screenings to detect any possible. Disorders or. Diseases of the lymphatic system as early as possible. In addition. To traditional medical. Treatments there. Are also alternative therapies. Such as manual. Lymphatic drainage. Massage. Compression therapy and exercise programs.
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Specifically designed for individuals with lymphedema. MLG massage is a gentle rhythmic massage technique that helps to stimulate. The flow. Of lymph, reduce swelling and. Improve the. Function of the affected limb. Compression therapy. Using specially designed. Compression garments. Helps. To reduce. Swelling and. Improve the circulation. Of lymph. It is also. Important to take care of the. Lymphatic system by avoiding activities that may cause damage
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to the lymphatic vessels such as extreme heat, sunburns and insect bites. It's also. Important to avoid. Activities that may. Cause injury or damage. To the lymph nodes, such as excessive alcohol consumption and smoking. Overall, the lymphatic system is a complex. And vital part of the body that plays a crucial role in the body's overall health. And well-being. It is. Important to take care of the. Lymphatic system by maintaining a healthy lifestyle while staying active and.
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Having regular checkups to ensure its proper. Functioning. The reproductive. System. The reproductive. System is the body system that. Is responsible for the production and transportation. Of gametes, sex cells. And the reproduction. Of offspring. In males. The reproductive. System consists of the testes. Which produce sperm. And the penis which transports. Sperm during. Sexual intercourse. In females, the. Reproductive. System consists of the ovaries. Which produce. Eggs and the uterus.
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Which provides a place for a fertilized. Egg to develop into a baby. The testes are a pair of male reproductive organs located in the scrotum. They produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. Which helps. To regulate male secondary sexual characteristics. Such as facial hair and the deeper voice. The penis is. A male reproductive organ that is responsible for the transportation. Of sperm during sexual intercourse. It is made up of spongy tissue that becomes engorged with blood.
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During sexual arousal. Causing it to become erect. The ovaries are a pair of female reproductive organs. Located in the pelvis. They produce. Sex and. The hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Which. Help to. Regulate the menstrual cycle and female. Secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development. And. The of body hair. The uterus. Is a female reproductive organ located. In the pelvis. It is a muscular. Pear shaped organ that provides a place for a fertilized.
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Deck to develop into a baby. It fertilization does not occur. The uterus sheds. Its lining during menstruation. The reproductive system plays a vital role. In the continuation of the human species. It allows for the production and transportation. Of gametes. And the reproduction of offspring. In addition. Hormones produced by the reproductive system play a role. In the development and maintenance of. Secondary sexual characteristics and the. Regulation of the menstrual cycle
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and tagsam injury system. The integral injury system is the body's largest organ. And is made up of the skin, hair, nails and glands. It plays a. Vital role in protecting. The body from the. Outside environment, regulating temperature. And sensing touch. Pressure. And pain. Skin. The skin is the. Body's largest organ. And is. Made up of three. Layers the. Epidermis. Dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer. And is composed of dead skin cells.
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That provide a barrier against. The outside. Environment. The epidermis also contains various. Specialized cells such as melanocytes, which. Produce. The pigment, melanin and Langerhans cells, which. Play a role in the immune. Response. The dermis is the middle layer and contains blood vessels, nerves and. Hair. Follicles. The dermis also contains various structures. Such as sebaceous glands, sweat glands. And hair follicles. The subcutaneous tissue is. The innermost layer.
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And is made up of fat and connective tissue. The subcutaneous tissue helps to insulate the. Body store energy. And also contains blood vessels and. Nerves. Hair Hair is. Made up of dead keratin ice cells and is found. All over the body. With the exception of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Hair provides. Insulation. And protects the skin from UV. Radiation and physical damage. Each hair follicle. Contains a small bundle of muscles that can contract to cause goose bumps.
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Nails. Nails are made up of. Carotenoids cells. And protect. The tips of the fingers and toes. They also weight in grasping and manipulating objects. Nails are formed in the matrix. Which is the base of the nail and. Are pushed forward. As new cells form. The nails. Are composed of several layers of hard. Compacted. Keratin, a protein. That makes. Up hair and other parts of the body. Nails also have a. Pink color due to the presence. Of blood vessels in the underlying
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glands. The Intego. Imagery. System also includes various glands, such as sweat and oil glands, which help. To regulate body temperature and moisturize the. Skin. The sweat. Glands produce. Sweat, which cools the. Body through evaporating. Sweat contains water, salt and. Other waste products. The oil. Glands produce. Sebum, which. Moisturizes. The skin and hair. See them is an oily substance that helps to keep the skin and hair soft and supple. Sensory Receptors.
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The intake urinary system also contains various sensory. Receptors, such. As Merkel. Cells. Meissner Corpuscles. PACINI And corpuscles. And free nerve endings. Which help to sense. Touch, pressure. And pain. These receptors are located in the epidermis and dermis layers of the. Skin and send signals to. The brain through the nervous. System. In addition to its functions, the Integrin imagery system also. Plays a role in the body's immune response by protecting.
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Against invading microorganisms and alerting the immune system to the. Presence of foreign substances. The skin also. Plays a role in vitamin D production. Which is essential. For bone health. It's important to take care of the. Intake imagery system by maintaining a healthy diet, staying hydrated and. Protecting the skin from excessive. Sun. Exposure and other environmental. Factors that can cause damage. Regular checkups and. Screenings can help to detect any. Disorders or.
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Diseases of the integral injury system as early as possible. Overall, the intake imagery system is a complex and. Vital part of the body that plays a crucial role in protecting the. Body from the outside environment. Regulating temperature. And sensing touch. Pressure. And pain. It also plays a role in the body's immune response. Vitamin D production and. Other important functions. It is important to take care of the. Integral injury system by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and.
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Regular checkups to ensure proper function. That's it for today. Hope you like this video. For more videos related to. Human body and medical science, please hit that. Subscribe. Button. See you in the next one.
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