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Spanish Civil War Overview
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0:00
a war of ideology a war that introduced revolutionary Technologies and tactics a war with such human and societal cost it would never be forgotten no no the the other one there you [Music] go hello and welcome to feature history featuring the Spanish Civil War it was a war that caught the eyes of politicians media and creatives around the world what began as the Spaniards war was co-opted by fascists and communist of the world seeking to show the Merit of their mind a protoc cold war if you will
0:41
the seats of this war were planted prior to the Reigns of Communism and fascism they were planted in the 19th century if you'd like to get a better idea of the bigger picture you can check out sween's video on the history of Spain also do that because I told you to moving on the 19th century was a turbulent time for Spain opposition to the monarchy resulted in pushes for constitutional rights liberalism and even a short-lived Republic combined with the destruction of the Empire by the US and
1:06
revolutionaries the Spanish state was weakened and the populace disunified Alonso the 13th king of Spain would launch a disastrous war against Morocco in the 1920s this would lose in the majority support of his army so we can just sprinkle that on top of the irritated civilians Alonso recognized this and so just up and left the country in 1931 the local government proclaimed itself the second Republic headed by Netto alcaz amore Netto and his committee promised change
1:34
a step into the 20th century trade unions Land Reform secularization women's Liberation and autonomy for Catalonia and the Bas country so many revolutionary ideas at once left the rightwing feeling alien ended the actual introduction of these ideas was slow painfully slow every single change left the right more concerned and the left further disappointed had a great depression and the changes became slower the anarchist Confederation named Confederation nasel Del chacco or just
2:00
CNT if you're not a showoff would rally strikes and when the Republican government cracked down they alienated the far left to protest the CNT refused to participate in the 1933 general election which funnily enough led to a result they were unhappy with the right-wing Catholic conservative s party under Jose Maria Hil Ro down pce off won a majority of the seats the reforms that actually did get done were beginning to be reversed and the military and cabinet began to be purged of
2:27
leftist the CNT reti ated in 1934 when they rallied up anarchists and Communists alike to rise up in aorus the young General franchisco Franco was sent in and commanded The Talented Army of Africa to cross the revolution the streets turned to battlefields the workers were eventually defeated and suffered brutal reprisals against them the gruesome scene foreshadowed the shape of things to come the bitter tale sparked outrage and helped unify the left communist Anarchist socialists and
2:54
PLO liberals realized to combat the right they would have to stand together the popular front was formed reaction from the right intensified as well some believed a Jewish Bolshevik conspiracy was a foot to spread communism the fascist Fang party was formed by Jose Antonio Primo di Riva politics was getting very violent and partisan very quickly you couldn't just disagree with someone anymore you had to silence them the 1936 general elections would result in a narrow popular front Victory
3:20
leaving the government in favor of the left president Neto would be exchanged in favor with Manuel aagna Primo DEA was arrested and the military was reorganized and attempt to suppress chances of a coup Jose son hudo a man who attempted a coup in 1932 began conspiring another he made deals with monarchist traditionalist fascist nationalist anyone in everything rightwing the warnings of disloyalty were popping up left right and Center sending the government into a tizzy on
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the night of July 12th things went from bad to worse Fang gunman shot down a socialist police officer in the capital of Madrid the police scattered out to find and arrest anyone even slightly related they' asked the monarchist Jose calvo soell to to come down to the station with them the station he wouldn't reach these killings made it clear this would not end politically the queue was ready and the government was not the people demanded to be armed yet the government did not wish to do so as
4:11
to admit they'd lost control seeing as they'd lost control the people armed themselves the military coup launched in Morocco under Franco's command generals across Spain would rise up in every city the police would reluctantly work with the leftists this cooperation would result in the C's miscarriage cities across the Republic would either fall or not beginning to draw the front lines to a new bloody Civil War this would be a line between the nationalists and the
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Republicans the Nationalist took sevil Castile and leyon but the government held on to Valencia Barcelona and most importantly Madrid The Botch coup became drawn out Soldier or civilian man or woman you were fighting whether that fight be one of tyranny versus Freedom or righteous Christians versus Godless Communists the scene was quite surreal you'd wake up eat breakfast fight on the front lines and then be time for dinner in bed there was a darker side as well
5:02
nationalists would methodically execute any suspected of descent and the leftist Republicans took it upon themselves to destroy any person or thing that represented the old ways they took this as an opportunity to instate their own Revolution this would create some tension within the Republican side the government wished only to survive but Communists and anarchists wished to unate their ideas of a Utopia in the disorder their only common interest was hatred of nationalists for those
5:26
nationalists the death of their Mastermind in a plane crash with throw things a bit out of whack a druna was established senior General Miguel carbonos to head it this was all very temporary stepping back for a moment the Sid seemed fairly even the Nationalist trump card was a disciplined Army of Africa currently in Morocco so how would they get the Army into Spain proper with Italian and German transports of course their Rebellion had the support of Nazi Germany fascist Italy and to a degree
5:52
Portugal it was start as supplies but it would escalate to volunteers as the war progressed Franco's Army of Africa would arrive and C and push north towards Madrid cutting through enemy territory and brutally crushing them in the Battle of Merida in August the Nationalist territory was connected and Franco rewarded with the title commander-in-chief when he rescued his allies in the siege of alkazar that title would be bumped up to Calo the unquestionable military head it would be
6:16
Franco's work that unified the many elements of the Nationalist the Republicans lacked this Unity the old government's cabinet would be thrown out in favor of a communist one the Communists attempted to unify the Republic in their own image the anarchists viewed it as an affront to their Revolution Madrid would come under siege in November and the new government retreated to Valencia only the passionate men and women remained to fight adamant that the nationalists
6:40
would not pass the fervor attracted those from all around the globe to come to Spain and fight for these ideas it also attracted the Soviet Union who began sending aid of their own Britain and France were anxious about tossing their hat into this quickly becoming proxy war and so agreed to a paack of non-intervention regardless Madrid stood unyielding for years the nationalists held Siege but diverted forces to try and take everything around Madrid they spread across the South and in 1937
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March into the isolated Bas country this region would become famously subject to the bombers of the luffer the Republicans would remain firmly on the backf foot after this defeat they attempted some offensive in 1938 but every 10 m gained would cost them 10 gallons in blood Franco chased the Republicans back across the north pushing them to the Sea and cutting their territory in two the Republicans fought back in the Battle of abil but to no avail perhaps they could hold out
7:32
until the inevitable world war broke out and then they'd had the support of the Allies certainly well Brit and France's appeasement of Hitler would lay a nice consistent [ __ ] on that idea morale shattered they retreated the war was decided now the only thing left was to lose 1939 dawned on an invasion into Catalonia the anarchist Homeland Barcelona fell on January 26 in Madrid the Republicans could still not agree Anarchist and communist hostility spilt out over the peace treaty a Civil War
8:00
break out within a Civil War the anarchist SE Mundo Cado threw out communist Juan NE green and began negotiations on the behalf of the Republic but Franco accepted nothing less than unconditional surrender Madrid fell on March 26 and Franco announced Victory on April 1st but no it wasn't a full some Republicans were lucky they escaped or somehow hid a lot did not dying by either their own hand or a soldiers Franco was the absolute dictator kept in check the many factions
8:31
he had once unified as nationalists he had attempt to negotiate with them but if pressed he had no quals purging them the country was centralized under him tradition and religion held Supreme the economy was rebuilt and resurged at the expense of the worker the monarchy was revived in 1947 Franco of course Regent for Life what did you think he was going to step down he selected his Heir as ju caros de bourbon in 1969 and upon Franco's death in 1975 ju Carlos the
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first atted to the throne the king would reform Spain Reviving democracy and modernizing the country the consequences of the Civil War no longer lingered so heavily over everyone mourning could finally begin the sorrow and sheer human cost of the war are still deeply remembered and fell to this day and with that sorrow continues some hatred the sometimes violent division between left and right Remains Not only in Spain but the world it's just too easy to call
9:24
your opponent a dangerous communist or corrupting fascist so we could attempt to discuss policy ethics and reach some kind of compromise or you could just punch someone in the face cuz he's a Nazi I swear is it well wasn't that just a pleasant bedtime story I'd like to thank Sweeney for doing this little old collab with me we were talking about this both when we were at 100 Subs that's the efficiency of feature history for you a big wet sloppy and unwelcome thank you to the
9:50
patrons and personal thanks to the good old bum scrubber Steve gram zeder and th veger if you want to know what the next video is you can check on Twitter or mines if you're woke if now if I don't go now mommy is going to yell at me all right
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