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0:00
hi there I'm Christine Dunbar from speech modification.com and this is my smart American accent training in this video we're going to look at the IPA or International Phonetic Alphabet so we'll look at the vowel sounds and consonant sounds and how these can be represented by one symbol you if you're familiar with my work you've been watching our videos and I use IPA to help you with the sounds I also like using alternative spelling so you can visualize these sounds but
0:30
IPA is very useful because it exists not only for English but all of the languages of the world um so you can take any language and show the sounds not uh it's not an alphabet for how we spell it's an alphabet for what we hear and so um it's useful to spend a little time learning it especially with the vowel sounds but sometimes also consonant sounds you can get detailed help with each of the sounds of English in our videos for each sound and in our sounds of English course
0:59
but today let's walk you through the vowel and consonant sounds for the IPA so you see here that I'm just modeling that the the letter I has the sound I and this is how we represent that sound in IPA the letter P has a sound p and e p that's how we spell it and then the letter a is the dip Fong a and that's how we write it um so IPA just stands for International Phonetic Alphabet taking
1:27
a look you can see in the corner we have our our vowel quadrangle and in our vowel Challenge Series and our vowels playlist we use the vowel quad quadrangle to talk about um the vowel sounds and so it's basically um the shape um you can see is meant to represent the shape of our mouth so of course our mouth doesn't have exactly this type of shape like you see there on the board um but this is meant to be the front the back the bottom and the top and the vowel sounds are all
2:02
about the position of the tongue in the mouth so when I'm saying e the high front vowel which is the symbol for it is this the e sound is made up near the front of my mouth with very little space there so often I introduce the idea of E versus a a is called an open back vowel so where we see the a symbol and the E symbol represents how the tongue is and how we make these sounds e there's just a little tiny space near the front if you say it with me you might be able to visualize
2:38
e my tongue fills up all the space in my mouth and there's a little tiny space for the sound to happen versus a you can feel the mouth is open the tongue is down and out of the way a there's a great big amount of space for that a sound to happen so those are two of the Extremes in the English language for the E and the A and those are sounds that are in most other languages as well so starting with the e sound we have the letter lowercase i represents the sound of e you'll
3:09
see on my chart that I also like to have anchor words for the vowel sounds so for E I choose green t because we often spell e with letter e but also with letters e e or EA and it's a high front vowel called uh it's also tense so you want if you you want to learn more details about the vowel sounds how they're spelled what words they're in accent error patterns you may have check out our individual videos for each of the sounds and check out our sounds of English course to walk you
3:43
through that today we're going to just be looking at the symbols what they mean uh what sounds they are so that you can understand the IPA so next down on our chart you can see underneath green t we have pink pig this is the vowel sound that we often spell with letter i and the symbol for it is a small uppercase I so um the E and the I are two sounds that are useful to know which one has which um for example we um we may want to be able to distinguish between leave and live
4:21
um many times the these two sounds um are close in your ear you might have some difficulty so if you look up in the dictionary and determine what the letter um is saying if I if I look up leave in the dictionary I'm going to see this with my e symbol for green tea and if I look up live in the dictionary I'm going to see this with my I symbol for pink pig so simply being able to identify what you're hearing what vowel sound is in a word the IPA is going to be very helpful for that
4:55
I will say different dictionaries have different symbol systems they don't all use the IPA so you want to check the guide uh in your dictionary that will show you it's the pronunciation guide it'll show you what symbols they use if you learn the IPA that will be useful for a lot of um resources that do use IPA so those are our first two vowels we have the E and the I vowel and if you move down we're still in the front part of the vowel qu quadrangle that you
5:23
can see there in the chart um and if you see that we have e for green tea if for pink pig and then our next vowel in the front we have the E vowel that's in words like red and tent and this is a LAX vowel e it's often not in languages besides English and so this is one of the ones that you may want to work on distinguishing um for example we have the E vowel in men and then our a vowel
5:55
in man so this is another vowel pair that people have challenges with um our a vowel like in black cat that's the those are the anchor words that I use for those um so again the symbol for E the e sound and the a sound typically when I'm writing these um if I'm respelling a word for example um I will use a for a that's the most common way we spell it and I will use e for f um or sometimes eh
6:29
e um for the E vowel I'll write it as e e and for the I vowel I'll write it as I or I so that's some of the alternative spelling that I use I tend to use um the IPA symbol and alternative spelling um in my videos because often uh one or the other makes more sense to people I want to give you both options um today focusing on the A and the E sounds we'll look at those symbols and then uh our
6:59
our next vowel we also have the a vowel I write it like this on the IPA on the vowel quadrangle um if you see it in the dictionary you'll see a and that's what I had written under a for IPA um because the letter a is pronounced as the dong a so even though we have two symbols here it's one sound so a is made as we slide from the position of the E vowel um which we don't have an English to the I vowel that we do have an English so I use an arrow to indicate a a that's a gliding
7:40
div thong vowel the E the I the E and the a those are what are called monong vowels there's just one position we don't move when I say LI or I it my tongue doesn't have to move but if I say A8 my tongue is gliding and that vowel sound is made by movement so that's what's called a diff thong um and then we usually just say vowel sound but we can also say mono thong for vowels that don't Glide or move so in the front we have our e i a e and a vowels and those are the symbols
8:21
for them um if you're trying to master the IPA um you may want to identify a few vowels that are problematic for you in terms of pronunciation um and learn those you might also find it helpful like I did to have some anchor words so that you can remember that e is green t and I is pink pig or you can choose your own anchor words I often like to choose words that represent the way we commonly spell these sounds um so for a the a dip Fong I use gray day uh because we
8:58
often spell it with a y or AI like in Rain um you can choose your own anchor words um but I like to have um reminders of what vowel sound um how we typically spell that in English making that Association learning to help with spelling and help with sounds so those are our front vowels uh then we also have um vowel back vowels that happen more in the back of the mouth so we have our ooh sound as in blue shoe um this is actually usually typically spelled with oo um so blue and
9:36
shoe aren't the best examples we also spell it with ew like in new um but I didn't choose oo because we also use that spelling for the uh vowel which can be kind of confusing so our uh vowel I call that one good book we also spell it with ou like in could and U like in push um so this one is tense and this one is LAX and again you can learn more about that in my videos for o and uh and my contrast videos for those but you can see in the vile quadrangle that they happen
10:11
in the back and that o is slightly higher and uh is a little bit less High um and U is tense and uh is LAX and then uh we have another um gliding vowel our o in English is another dong like the a a lot of languages have just o with no closing in English we typically close o and glide as we say that sound I call that one no snow we often spell it with letter O sometimes with o w and I also tend to write it with o in my alternative spelling to make it clear uh since sometimes o
10:51
w can say ow which is a different vowel than o for good book I um will spell it with ou or or youu depending on the alternate word and for blue shoe I typically spell it with oo for my alternate spelling okay also in the back we have our a vowel like in cot law this one is rounded but LAX and it's a little bit more open than our o and finally we have our a vowel like in not hot um I
11:25
spell this one or write it in alternative spelling with ah because many languages have letter A for a we do have a few words like father or pasta that we spell the a vowel with letter A most of the time however we spell the a vowel with letter O So as you're learning the symbols you might find it confusing um or you might actually find it more helpful to see this letter A A for that
11:52
sound because it matches your native language but then when it comes to English you have to remember that the IPA for for a word like not is going to look like that um and when you see that you might be thinking Nat the a sound because we often spell a with a so making a difference between IPA the sound versus the letters the spelling is an important distinction to make in your mind I
12:17
hope this video will help you with that and again as I mentioned earlier if you look at our videos for individual sounds and our lessons about the vowel sounds that can really help clear up what sounds you're hearing versus what sounds there are so we're going to continue with uh more uh vowel sounds in English and move to the consonants as well I do want to mention for the a that there's
12:39
a sound a symbol this symbol which is a which we don't have in English and I probably didn't do a great job of making that sound that's the British English uh that they use in words like uh not and hot we say not and hot unrounded they say not and hot rounded so it's in the same uh bottom corner of the vowel quadrangle it's just would be the rounded version and for many of the vowels you see in our vow quadrangle your language may also have a rounded version so for example in
13:12
English we just have e and some languages have e which is a rounded um version of the E which we don't use in English um so again uh I'm just showing you the IPA for the English American English vowels you can learn more about your um the symbols and The Vow quadrangle quadrangle from your language because that shape is used in other languages as well there just be different symbols for the sounds of that language Okay so we've done the front vowels and the back vowels
13:45
now if we look in the middle we have our most common sound in English which is vowel schah and you'll see that there are two symbols there in the middle there's this one and this one and uh depending on Whose vowel quadrangle you look at they might be in slightly a different place they're close together though because they both typically have this uh sound we just use this one for when the vowel is unstressed so in a word like um above for example IPA will be a above and
14:23
we have the stress falls on the the second uh sound and we use this symbol for the stressed schah um so we have stressed and unstressed schah um this is unstressed and we often find this in uh it's very can be very very reduced for example in a word like person we will see we have per um we have this symbol or they might even put it in the dictionary with nothing for The Vow person you can hear there's is really not clear versus in the word Sun we'll have the
15:06
stress schah so this sun and this sun sound the same another reason knowing IPA can be helpful is that when I look at these two I might think they sound different because of how they're spelled When I Look in the dictionary and I see this if I recognize this symbol as the uh sound the schah sound that can help me um justify or rectify the the differ spelling for different words with the same sounds in English soah unstressed and stressed again I talk about
15:36
this in detail I have a lot of videos about schah because that's one that's a very important sound for English our most most used vowel sound and uh often a difficult one for non-native speakers to master um in English because it may be slightly different in your native language and it's also spelled with so many different letters um I used the um the phrase such fun for the schah
16:01
those are our anchor words um okay uh then you can see off to the side uh I also included a spot for the r sound there's a few different symbols for R sometimes I'll write it this way um the sound of R like in um I use purple bird for my um anchor words for this vowel um you will also see the stressed Earth written this way that's the r from bird and the unstressed r written this way that's
16:34
the r in uh paper again the only difference is if I'm saying bird it's going to be stressed a little bit longer paper or it's this exact same R sound it's just going to be a little bit shorter and unstressed um so these are great symbols uh a lot of dictionaries use them I used to use them now in my teaching I tend to use this um er uh these symbols for the r just because I don't um I want to be consistent in showing you that R is one sound and I think having to learn
17:08
the two symbols can be a little bit tricky so um there's can be different interpretations of sounds and IPA uh I just want to show you all the different ways you'll see R uh some dictionaries might also just write IR the consonant R sound the difference about these three and this one is that these are when are functions like a vowel so in the word bird um or in the word paper the r sound can continue it's vocalic versus in a word like rain rain I can't really hold that IR I just
17:40
start in the r position and I leave rain versus paper or bird I can hold on that r i could hold on this one but then it would turn into one of these symbols that would be kind of like rain um okay so anyway details about the r you can get more help for R in our American R playlist lots of videos about the r today we're just looking at the symbols this is the one that I use you'll also
18:07
see these symbols for the r sound and then you'll see um as well in the um sorry I was a little bit off the under the um chart there um so er bird paper rain um uh you'll also see then I have the diff fongs listed so we talked about a um and um o those are kind of more basic vowels that we think of like with a and o um symbols a and o uh those are small movements um but they are dongs and then the other ones are slightly bigger so we have the I which I call the white light it
18:53
starts more open and then closes I and then we we have the uh ow also starts more open um I use brown cow for this one and then we also have oi I use Noisy Boy for this one so spelled with o i or o y different spellings we have the um I the ow and the oi again they slide um on not on the chart that you can see here but um um another chart I'll show you with arrows how they move um even though you see two symbols it's one sound so I'm not saying an A and an I here I'm saying I
19:41
it's a sound that happens when I move from the position of approximately the a to the I same thing with a and oi I'm not really saying an A and an I here it's not a i it's oi so it's kind of the sound that happens as I move between two positions um and by that I mean if I have the quadrangle for example here's the a we have the a in English and then we start here for our dip thongs when I say I I my tongue position starts here and then lifts so it's more open and Central and then
20:19
it moves to being more closed and um in the front Okay again you can get help for the individ those individual vowel sounds in our vowels playlist videos and then I do highly recommend our sounds of English course as we walk you through all of these sounds how they're spelled the IPA symbols the accent error patterns you may have a lot more details uh what words they're in to really help build that sound so we had our 16 vowel s sounds we also have some R div thongs
20:50
um so we had our just basic R sound right which we um uh which I mark this way you'll also see it this this way um and then we while we're in the vowels we also have the or um which you'll see either this way or this way um I use this one um but in the dictionary it's often they use the a plus the r but it sounds like or um you'll also see this or this for the ear um and then we have air and we have um I so that's more of a trip thong like a um we have our another
21:43
trip [Music] thong and we have R which I'll write this way with a r or just R um other dip thongs yeah so uh you can get help for all of these sounds the or we have also or like in tour um all of these I have a video a separate video talking about our diff fongs helping you with um uh a similar vowel chart to what you see in our vow chart uh just all kind of centering in on the r um and you can check that out in our our sounds playlist and also in our uh sounds of English
22:24
course walk you through the details of those are Di songs basically if you learn the IPA symbols for the basic vowels then you might want to learn um how they represent the r def fongs so now let's move to the consonants of English so similarly to how we have a quadrangle for the vowels the consonants can also be sorted by placement for example uh we have bilabial sounds like the P
22:53
sound that we spell with letter P the B sound that we spell with letter letter b and the M sound that we spell with letter M so those are all made with both lips so they're called bilabials and you can see in our chart we have the bilabial p and B here if we scroll down we can see we have the nasal M sound so across the top of this chart is What's called the place of articulation where it happens in the mouth on the side of this chart we have the manner and voicing so manner means
23:26
what's happening to make the sound is it made by restricting air is it made by stopping air uh is it made by frication or affrication again if you check out our sounds of English course for each different sound I'll explain what those mean and how those work uh this is just a way to look at and sort the sounds uh and then we also have voicing which means we have sounds like the p-p sound um that we spell with letter P like in paper or pop doesn't have uh voicing so when I say
24:02
PP there's no vibration in my vocal folds versus when I say BB this vibrates here so that's called a voiced sound um so voiced like in Bob versus voiceless like in pop this is another useful thing to know about um the IPA is not going to show you you need to learn as you learn the sounds but again this is has to do with um accent error patterns that typically happen sometimes they can happen because of voicing I do have a number of videos about consonants talking about placement
24:39
and Manner and voicing so you can learn those categories for consonants today I just want to go through the sounds um we have 25 consonant sounds in English so as you can see the IPA has the symbols a symbol for each sound versus the alphabet we only have 26 letters we can barely even even cover the consonants with that we have five vowel letters and 16 vowel sounds so therefore I think learning the the symbols that represent the sounds can be pretty helpful
25:08
I probably should have said that at the beginning okay so for our bilabials we have the P the B and the M like in Mom this is a voice sound uh it's a continuent sound these are stop sounds you can see that in the chart um this chart I think uh you can find in our our sounds of English course and it's going to talk you talk you through bilabial to lips labio Dental lips and teeth dental teeth Etc um and it gives you example words the IPA um and examples for the way it's spelled how
25:43
it's typically spelled um looking at a more simplified chart um we can see uh I've used a similar Organization for placement here but it's going to give you some more um simple terms so um let's go through we've we've talked about the P the B and the M let's talk about one more front of the mouth sound with both lips which is our W sound uh like in wow so often spelled with d letter W but it's also in a word like fuel W um it can kind of come between two vowels so in a word
26:18
like fuel um you'll see few wool in the dictionary there's a lot more sounds then there are letters we have the F the Y the U the W the uh and the O for fuel um some dictionaries might not put this W in there but it happens as I connect between the U and the uh o that gliding W sound happens um but often most of the time we spell it with letter W so um these sounds can sometimes be hidden and
26:53
if you can read the symbols in the dictionary you can find those hidden sounds in words words where there's no letter really representing what happens but the sound does happen in the word okay so those are our babal sounds uh let's go across the top of the chart now so we had our P like letter P in Pop um the good thing about the consonants is they are closer to what how we spell things
27:18
of course we aren't consistent with spelling but we're more consistent with the IPA for consonants and the consonant letters in English than we are for vowels because we have closer to having enough of them of course again 26 uh letters uh 20 consonant letters but 25 consonant sounds so we're going to have some overlap and we're not also consistent we don't always spell the same sounds with the same letters but you'll probably find the IPA for the consonants a little easier so
27:48
the F sound um that we have in a word like fit or if typically spelled with letter f uh and then we have the T sound like in the word top typically spelled with letter T of course there's lots of different things we do with T so while we're here uh talking about t for Tot I'll also talk about um the uh flap sound um so I often write the flap with a t like this that's one way we can mark it it's also written with kind of an r that looks like that it's called the flap and it's what
28:27
we use when we um connect T at the end to a vowel or when the t is between two vowels in the middle of a word so in a word like water you'll see me write that as water with that flap T written in the middle some dictionaries might show it with an R often in English they just will show it with a regular T um and you have to learn where we flap the tea where we use an unreleased tea so this is a detail showing that it's flapped that's often not in every dictionary which is um why I
29:01
try to show you in my videos um so there's our T sound that's just the basic sound uh the voiced version of that is the D sound uh like in did and the t is the voiceless uh and then we across the top again we also have our um z sound and our s sound so our z sound like in zip or was and um our sound um like in um CIS for example I'm looking at my chart to see where my S is and what I what I used um to talk about s um so the S sound let's see here's our z sound our s voiceless
29:50
sound is um missing from this chart potentially um should be in the same same place but voiceless I guess I just put the Z and the S both in here um okay and then um moving on um so s is fairly straightforward except that we often have letter s saying the z sound but again in the dictionary if you're looking in the IPA you can see whether a word Says Z or S so for example if I'm um looking
30:20
at the word um yes in the dictionary that IPA is going to be y yes and if I'm looking at was I'll see it's w a z so that's a great way even if you only learn the S and the Z symbols it's a great way to know does my letter s say the S sound or the z sound the s or the Z is it voiceless or voiced um I talk about this of course in many of my videos I have a number of videos talking about letter s the sounds s and z s and z um but those are the symbols for them um so hopefully you'll
31:02
find that useful um okay moving on we have um the fricative sh sound we often spell this with SH or TI or CI so sh like in shoe uh TI like in nation um words with Shun right um C I in words like special again lots of different spellings if I know that this tall skinny s says sh I can look in the dictionary and not the not have an issue um knowing how to spell it um also spelled with s right like in issue um so uh this is we're not trying to focus so much on spelling but more
31:54
on symbols but if you don't have examples of how this um symbol is spelled it may not resonate for you the most typical spelling is sh and that's what I use in my alternative spelling if I'm teaching you about a word for this symbol um and then more towards the back we have our C Sound uh we spell this with letter K or letter C or letters CK like in Kick um and then um moving back forward we had our F sound that was our voiceless uh labial Dental we have our V sound
32:33
that's our voiced labial Dental um that's in words like love or in um very again we mostly spell these with f and V so those are fairly straightforward um our nasal sounds we have our n Sound that we spell with letter n like in noun and we have our sound which we typically spell with letters n g like in thing but we also can spell with just letter N like in think you can learn more about the NG um sound spellings uh in my videos for that
33:15
um but again this is a place where it can be helpful for me to see if I'm looking at the word think um the word think I might have thought that I was saying an n and a k sound but when I see in the dictionary I can see the symbol for the NG sound that a word like think think has the sound it's really actually hard to say th th if I do an N lifted in the front um and so it can just help me recognize where I need the sound and if I have a word like thing um or actually
34:02
let me give you a different example um a lot of times it's confusing to know what the NG does in the middle of words so if I look up finger I'll see I have finger I have the NG sound plus the G sound finger but in a word like singer I have just sing singer so it's not singer there's just the NG sound there's no G sound like in finger so again IPA saves the day here finger singer um okay so much um so much to be learned from learning the IPA if you're
34:47
feeling overwhelmed just take it a couple sounds at a time for a lot of these consonants as you saw it's typically the letter in the spelling so if if this is new to you just you can think about it like NG and then you can look for it and you can recognize a couple other different ways it's spelled um you can learn more about the n Sound or the sh sound those don't have an equivalent in writing um so there's just a few new ones to learn a lot of the consonant sounds
35:19
you'll already recognize the letter the IPA is the same as the letter in English or the letter in your native language um okay uh next another new one we have the J sound uh this one doesn't have a very consistent spelling in English we spell it with letter s like in visual or measure um we can also spell it with um uh actually mostly just with letter s um I will rewrite this as Z because it's the same same as the sh sound but my voice is on so we had our
36:01
sh sound right for this the z sound it's the same placement and the same manner it's uh just voiced rather than voiceless so again learning about um placement manner of articulation and voicing can really help you organize your mind around sounds and you can see how um this letter s doesn't say a z or an s or an sh in these words says the z sound which this is the symbol this Z with
36:30
a little tail on it again you can identify um that that's a new sound for you have a few anchor words to recognize where it is and then that when you're looking up a word in the dictionary that you know something's a little off you may see the z sound and that's going to really help you understand how to pronounce that particular word okay and then we have just more of the straightforward the G
36:54
sound like in good or big often typically spelled with letter G um okay moving on um let's look at our th sounds we have two different symbols we have this one um which is in words like thin or both uh that's a voiceless th and then we have the voiced th like in um this or breathe um typically always spelled with letters th um no difference in the placement uh or the manner the only difference is that F no vibration V voiced vibration um and often you have an error pattern on these
37:50
it may be about placement so a lot of people will or about um um manner people will stop it instead of letting it flow letting it be a frickative or they'll have a frickative but they'll be too far back and then it'll sound like a s or z sound so learning about um the symbol can help you know where that th happens for most of the time that th is fairly straightforward and how it's spelled um
38:15
and just you may need to know whether it's voiced or voiceless and those symbols will help you with that okay and then we have our um sound uh in words like little I'm not going to get into too much detail about the cabic um L here or the dark or light L you can check out my videos for that the symbol you'll see in the dictionary they're just going to use the the O symbol the L symbol
38:41
for that one for that sound even though we do um articulate that slightly differently in different places in English um you can watch that in the videos um okay next we have uh an affricate sound so again this is where where we have two symbols but it's one sound this is the CH sound like in church um and it's the reason it's this symbol similar to our um our diff fongs where we're making a movement to make this sound the CH starts with our tongue in the position it is for the T
39:18
sound then it drops to the position it is for the sh sound so this is not a t plus a sh except that it kind of is it's us saying the T and the sh all at once CH it's that movement that's created as we make as it's that sound that's created as we make that movement between the two sounds I talk about this in detail in my video for the CH sound but this is another one that might be helpful for
39:41
you to learn because often um some people have a difficulty telling the difference between for example um chip and ship um so that has to do with placement and Manner and in the dictionary you'll be able to look up and see okay this is a t and this one's a sh based on um what you're looking for the spelling will tell you sometimes but there are some um considerations um where something is spelled with a letter s or a letters TI and it's really not clear um which sound you should
40:15
be making so example would be like in question question we have question we have this question question and the CH question um so that can help me know that okay This Ti says CH rather than sh um yes okay um a few more consonants to go thanks for bearing with me as we work our way through the entire IPA again I know there's a lot more details to learn a lot more things that you may have questions about feel free to leave comments with your questions I'll direct you to resources
40:53
on my website and here on the channel where you can find more information about the sounds you're have questions about or that you're curious about um and I appreciate your um feedback and comments and questions it helps me know what to cover in future videos for you okay um we talked about our sound our th sound um our th sounds our s sound um we talked about this a little bit when we were
41:19
talking about vowels so this is the r sound at the start of words or sometimes in the middle so in a word like ready usually it's just at the start of words because in the middle the r is usually vocalic the only time it wouldn't be would be in something like railroad where this R starts a new syllable um it's kind of a compound word otherwise you're going to see more of an R um or an R Etc in the middle of words so this is the consonant R the r like ready railroad um
41:51
okay and then one more kind of funky one that's another africat um um this is basically the J sound that we spell with j or g e or d g it's in words like just or age or Edge um again useful to learn the symbol because it tells you um in these words with all these different spellings it's the same sound even though we represent it differently in different parts of the word and it can show you
42:23
again it's an affricate so one sound uh but two symbols because just like the CH it moves from the position of the D to the position of the Z so if you remember with ch my CH sound my CH sound this one's voiceless and this one's voiced these are just the same positions d d and t t both are the made the same way same um place of articulation same manner of articulation the Z and the sh same
42:54
position as well the only difference between these two is voicing so this one is voiced this one is voiceless J and T um are the only difference between them is voicing so same thing with d and T and z and Sh so the symbols can kind of teach you a little bit about um manner placement voicing um all of those things that can help you than correct accent error patterns you may have or difficulties
43:23
you might find oh I never realized I had the same problem with this sound um or exactly what pattern was happening for you in your speech um learning IPA can be very um uh Illuminating when it comes to some of that especially in conjunction with learning about your accent error patterns which is something that I teach you in my videos as well as in our American accent sixe course I'll walk
43:48
you through the basic patterns that typically will happen because of your native language and because of the sounds that are in your native language versus the sounds that are in English um of course everyone has some individual differences but a lot of it most of it comes from your native language not translating over into English because of not having matching sounds or having sounds used with
44:09
different rules so you may have the same sounds in your language but they're not used the same way as they are in English Okay um last couple sounds we have our H sound um which we typically spell with letter H um like in hot um and rarely spell with wh like in who um so that's kind of nice to know if I look up who I'm going to see that in the dictionary and um so if you were thinking you had to do something different for that W there it's just the H sound um and then lastly
44:46
our Y sound looks like a j but it is we spell it with letter Y like in yes um or yellow and uh for Spanish speakers this one can be helpful because um you may have a tendency to think of the J sound so this sound J we spell with j and this is the symbol this sound y this the symbol is a j but the sound is a y that we spell with Y um and Spanish speakers have a tendency to Interchange those two um and so that's just a typical error pattern that when you know which sound you're
45:22
supposed to be saying and how to pronounce that sound it can be very helpful let me just double check and make sure I think we covered all of all 25 consonant sounds you stuck with it for all of it great job um as I said at the beginning of class if you have questions about any of these sounds that we've covered today about the IPA symbols why um how they came to be how they exist how to use them um how to read the dictionary leave me a comment I'll cover it in a future
45:52
class or I'll let you know what video and what online course you you can find those resources in scrolling back through our different types of sounds you can learn a little bit more in our um sounds of English course about all of these different sounds and what these um these uh place of articulation labels and manner of Artic articulation labels mean and then of course back to our vowel quadrangle which is I think one of the most useful tools for understanding English
46:20
sounds just because vowels are tricky in terms of how they're spelled we have lots of different ways of spelling them when you look in the dictionary you're going to see the IPA symbol one symbol one sound um and once you learn those you can really have an organization system for understanding what you're supposed to be pronouncing what you're hearing what native speakers are using and then
46:42
how the spelling interacts with the sounds of English I hope this was a useful lesson for you again uh I'll be back again tomorrow with a word of the day class and Saturday we'll have our Live question and answer class check out more details in our online courses on speech modification. as well as our free practice on the website and do look at our community page here on YouTube um you
47:05
can check out uh our homepage uh on the channel we have lots of different playlists for the sounds of English for the vowels of English for some of these more challenging sounds so you can get in more into depth on some of the things you may have learned in this overview video learning about IPA the International Phonetic Alphabet thanks so much for being a part of class today leaving me your comments and questions and looking forward to seeing you in our next class I'm
47:31
Christine Dunbar from speech modification. comom remember if you want to sound like a native speaker you can do it speech modification. comom bye everyone hope to see you again soon
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