- Recognize the endings presented for regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs with different subject pronouns.
- Apply regular endings to supported verbs and interpret the presented conjugated examples.
- Distinguish informal and formal forms of “you” presented in the lesson.
- Explain the presented e-to-i notation and its nosotros and vosotros exceptions.
- Recall the defining features and cultural recognition of flamenco presented in the lesson.
Review of Regular -ar Conjugation
Review how the endings of regular -ar verbs vary with the subject.
For the regular verbs reviewed in this lesson, Spanish verb forms change according to the subject.
| Subject | Ending | Usage note |
|---|---|---|
| yo | -o | — |
| tú | -as | informal singular you |
| usted | -a | formal singular you |
| él or ella | -a | — |
| nosotros | -amos | — |
| vosotros | -áis | informal plural you |
| ustedes | -an | formal plural you, as characterized in the lesson |
| ellos or ellas | -an | — |
Select the regular -ar ending for vosotros, then identify whether this subject is presented as informal or formal and singular or plural.
Regular -er Verbs and Their Endings
Learn two -er infinitives and match the regular -er endings to their subjects.
| Subject | Ending | Usage note |
|---|---|---|
| yo | -o | — |
| tú | -es | informal singular you |
| usted | -e | formal singular you |
| él or ella | -e | — |
| nosotros | -emos | — |
| vosotros | -éis | informal plural you |
| ustedes | -en | formal plural you, as characterized in the lesson |
| ellos or ellas | -en | — |
Using beber and the regular -er ending presented for tú, form the informal singular “you” verb form.
Conjugating Comer
Study the presented comer forms and their English meanings.
| Spanish | English | Usage note |
|---|---|---|
| Yo como | I eat | — |
| Tú comes | you eat | informal singular you |
| Usted come | you eat | formal singular you |
| Ella come | she eats | — |
| Nosotros comemos | we eat | — |
| Vosotros coméis | you eat | informal plural you |
| Ustedes comen | you eat | formal plural you, as characterized in the lesson |
| Ellos or ellas comen | they eat | — |
Without consulting the table, recall the comer forms paired with nosotros and ustedes, then state the English meaning presented for each complete expression.
Common -ir Verbs and Stem Changes
Recall four -ir infinitives and interpret the presented e-to-i spelling-change notation.
| Infinitive | Meaning |
|---|---|
| vivir | to live |
| escribir | to write |
| repetir | to repeat |
| decir | to say |
The e-to-i notation marks a spelling change during conjugation. Whether the change occurs depends on the subject. The presented example is repetir becoming repito with yo.
A learner marks an e-to-i spelling change for a vosotros form. Evaluate that choice using the exceptions presented in the lesson.
Regular -ir Endings and Cross-Class Patterns
Match regular -ir endings to subjects and compare two stated patterns across verb classes.
| Subject | Ending | Usage note |
|---|---|---|
| yo | -o | — |
| tú | -es | informal singular you |
| usted | -e | formal singular you |
| él or ella | -e | — |
| nosotros | -imos | — |
| vosotros | -ís | informal plural you |
| ustedes | -en | formal plural you, as characterized in the lesson |
| ellos or ellas | -en | — |
- Regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs all use -o with yo.
- Regular -er and -ir verbs both use -es with tú for informal singular you.
Compare the endings presented for tú across the three regular verb classes. Identify which two classes share an ending and state that ending.
Applied Conjugation in Sentences
Interpret supported affirmative and negative Spanish expressions.
| Spanish | English | Usage note |
|---|---|---|
| Ellos viven | they live | — |
| Tú escribes | you write | informal singular you |
| Ella abre | she opens | — |
| Yo vivo | I live | — |
| Yo viajo | I travel | — |
| Vosotros visitáis Colombia | you visit Colombia | informal plural you |
| Ellos comen pastel | they eat cake | — |
| Ustedes visten muy bien | you dress very well | formal plural you, as characterized in the lesson |
| Ella baila | she dances | — |
From the supported sentence examples, choose the expression that uses formal plural “you” as characterized in the lesson, and give its English meaning.
Flamenco Culture Note
Identify the presented features, facets, popularity, and recognition of flamenco.
Flamenco is a genre of Spanish music, song, and dance. It is noted for an energetic style.
| Term | Refers to |
|---|---|
| cante | singing |
| toque | guitar playing |
| baile | dance |
| palmas | handclaps |
Recall the four principal flamenco facets presented in the lesson and match each term to what it refers to.
Common misconceptions
Watch out: A regular Spanish verb keeps one form for every subject.
Instead: For the regular verbs reviewed in the lesson, Spanish verb forms change according to the subject.
Watch out: Regular -ar and -er verbs use the same ending with tú.
Instead: A regular -ar verb uses -as with tú, while a regular -er verb uses -es with tú.
Watch out: The presented e-to-i spelling change occurs with every subject.
Instead: Its occurrence depends on the subject, and the presented change does not occur with nosotros or vosotros.
Watch out: Comer means “to drink.”
Instead: Comer means “to eat,” while beber means “to drink.”
Lesson recap
- For the regular verbs reviewed, Spanish verb forms change according to the subject.
- Regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs all use -o with yo.
- Regular -er and -ir verbs both use -es with tú for informal singular you.
- The presented e-to-i spelling change depends on the subject and does not occur with nosotros or vosotros.
- Yo no viajo means “I do not travel.”
- The presented principal facets of flamenco are cante, toque, baile, and palmas: singing, guitar playing, dance, and handclaps.