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0:00
Hello everyone this is Deepika welcome back and I hope all of you will be very good once again welcome to my channel and today we are going to read another important topic of comparative politics date is structure functional approach so you know that comparative The approaches in politics are important from our exam point of view, questions are asked from event structure function approach, right in your semester exam in your previous years, so today we are
0:27
going to discuss the same The structure will remain the framework, they will see the introduction from the basic in such a way that brother, what were the flaws in the system approach before the political system, what were the limitations, due to which a structural functional approach was developed with some improvements, Almond and Powell. During this we will
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discuss the major merits or major features of structure and functional and in the last we will conclude our discussion so gas if you have come for the first time in my channel then please subscribe my Channel agar aapko watheful lagta hai mera content to and agar already subscribe karen to thank you so much and thanks for all the support gas to shuru karte hain hum apne introduction saath mein
1:17
ki kya hai to aapko pata hai ki political science mein jo behavioral revolution Behavioral approach was developed, told a basic understanding, when I came to behavioral approach, what happened in it, it was emphasized to make political science scientific, brother, if political science has to be a science, then what other science is right with them. If we want to match our quality, then what will we have to do? Political science will have to be based on the facts we have and not on values,
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because before this, values had a lot of role in political science, normative history had a lot of role, then after the behavior approach On the facts, that too imperial fact,
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now it is an empirical fact or different approaches were adopted to collect empirical data, through which we can quantify the facts, quantity means not in values. We can convert in numerical values and so that we can make butter comparison, then a system approach was developed like this, but there were some limitations of the system approach, the biggest criticism was that the system approach was developed keeping in mind the Western Liberal Democracy. Has been done which respect developing
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and which are non developed society like India or respect Asian Nations African countries which are never colony and have just developed and become independent then these countries what is this society if it is developing society then the political situation here The system is not yet matured, so how can you quantify it, how will you collect facts from here, it was having some limitations, so another approach has been developed to improve them . What is approach
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, what are approaches, basically tools of investigation are right tools of investigation, through which we investigate, do research, collect data, analyze it, get it for example Like we have two authorities in a political system, they have to be compared, right in comparative politics, they have to be analyzed, Prime minister's office in India and United Kingdom, these are two political authorities, red political system is for example, what we have to do in these
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two institutions If we want to do a comparison, now what do we have to do an investigation, we have to adopt structural functionalism, so what will we do in this? We will take both the offices, we will take the reed institution, we will see what are the functions of these two offices,
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right in this structural functional approach, we are investigating that which is more powerful, Indian Prime Minister's Office or UK's Prime Minister's Office. What have we done for the investigation, this structural functional approach has been adopted, in this what will we do about the functions of India's prime minister 's office and UK's prime minister's office We will analyze the functions,
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now in the functions, we will see what are the similarities, what are the disk similarities, what is the difference between the two and on the basis of this, in the last we will analyze which office is more powerful,
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how are these two different from each other? In this structural function function approach, it is added that structures mean institutions and these institutions What is the function and on the basis of the functions we will compare and analyze the introduction of structural functional approach now basic understanding agar aapki ho gayi ho to hum fardar chalte introduction me kya likhiye toh aapredy I described that system approach
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had some limitations in political analysis Because of which we needed to improve, because brother, we had to look at the developing countries as well, we had to study and analyze the political system there too, and this political system approach was becoming a bit too general. Means western liberal society which was western world which was suitable according to where political system was mature ok so we needed another improved virgin
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structural functional approach which was this model first developed by social entreprologist the Joe redclive brown and malinwasaki letter some sociologist the tailcoat person mairaton and levy who developed it in political science almendent wavel
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ok and influence who structural pol The idea of developing a topical approach which was influenced from where was David Easton's Input Output Model and the second was Institutional Approach so on Comparative Politics already adjusting two approaches the Input Output Model or Political or System Approach And institution approach, their limitations were removed by integrating both of them and what happened to it, a new improved version was prepared, date by the way, this structural functional
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approach and our focus in this approach had shifted from institution to In the institutional approach like function
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, our institution was focused on the input-output model, in this also the approach was taken in the political system, which used to be political units, attention was paid to it, so now we have prepared a new improved version, structural functional here. Approach, where did we keep our focus on the functions of these structures,
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ok, then the focus shifted to us, so you can write this basic introduction on your answer and I hope that your Its basic understanding is also clear from here, now let us discuss in detail that brother, what kind of functions are in wall, what kind of functions are considered, then G. Almond and Kollam man, they have given four methods . They had identified the characteristics in the political system, they believed that these four characteristics are definitely present in every political system
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. Those who are there, without organization or without office, they can do less, what they cannot do, brother, they say that political structures will definitely be present there, this is universal,
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as if I take it on our education system only. Let's see what will be the structure of education system like in University Colleges and Colleges which has become VC Office, Principal Office has become Chambers, Competition has become Chambers, what are these structures, isn't our education? Neither system's education minister has become ours,
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in the same way in every political system some political structures must be present like either there will be the office of prime minister or the office of president, there will be right council of ministers, there will be various ministries, there will be judicial members in this way Will be
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ok then it is second that political structures are present in every political system they perform some function organization or whatever authority is created then it is created to perform the function nay c office is created to manasment Have you taken and if the affair of universities has been made a chamber of competition, then it has been made to mine the functions of the department, then what happens to every polite political structure, there are some functions, the right thing is the
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next Are these political structures performing functions, are they multifunctional, for example, compete for office, see for yourself why I am taking the exam of my education system, because you are aware of this thing, you can gather If you will be able to act, for example management means which meeting will be held in the department, when will the exam be conducted, what is happening, what is happening, what is happening, see what is happening, others are watching whether academic function
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is also being done, you will see that professors also take classes. Having become multifunctional
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So this is what happens in political structures also multifunctional role is performed what is
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political system I understand how modern and traditional culturally present we take the example of India if we take the party system in India Let's take an example, party system is a feature of modern political science, it is characteristic, friend, but we will see that along with this modern concept, traditional concept or how present it is, still political party is a modern concept, but still political party's Formation is happening on the basis of caste, it
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is happening on the basis of religion, so this traditional culture is also present, along with modern concept, it
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has become a mixed system,
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structure is also present, modern functions are also being performed along with it somewhere . If there is a traditional influence somewhere, then these four characteristics have come to your understanding that there are four characteristics of every political system. We will study this,
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OK, who is the political structure, whose function is being studied, of the political structure,
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then this structural-functional approach, which was developed by Powell in Comparative Politics, according to this, it is said that there are seven major functions in every political system, which are performed. If it has to sustain the political system or it has to remain relevant to the political system, if these 7 functions are not performed by any political system, it will not sustain and it will not remain relevant, what are the seven functions like this? Yeh dekh to toh sabse important
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function hai political socialism and recruitment this is d first and most important function first take daily life example hum kehte na yaar thoda bhoti socialization hona chahiye hum apne friends ko suggest karte hain nahi yaar thoda bhoti socialization You should go out a little, roam around and make friends or attend parties, hang out, do you keep reading with a book in the room for the whole time, then generally we say that they socialize a little. It is good to do what is meant
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by socialization, so socialization is a process through which you develop values, beliefs or norms, if the community, then being a student, socialization means interacting with our student community and fractioning it. In what we are doing we are sharing information we are developing our values as we interact with the student community we get up and sit then what develops from here concept of harmony concept of brotherhood a relationship
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is formed red a brotherhood There is a feeling that unity is formed, leadership is also developed in it, so many qualities and values are developed, we also become each other's support system , learn a lot from each other, help each other and in this way when we become part of the student community . What happens if we sit in the middle, we discuss a lot and our opinion is constructed for example, we met three-four students and we talked about what is the current Indian politics scene. And
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we discussed on this, shared information with each other, so we also our opinion is being constructed here, neither this is the process of political socialization and recruitment, this is what happens in the political system. Individuals are there, they interact, they inculcate values, believe, respect and norms, and which are related to their community, then it is said that primary socialism is at home, but it is obvious that
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the first institution is social. What is an institution for us, it is family, after that we go to the educational system, after that we go to respect locality institutions, just like temples or religious institutions, then the first socialization is at our home where Our value system is formed, like respecting elders, respecting men, honesty, love, all these things, what attitude
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is formed through the process of socialism, our opinion is constructed, our orientation is determined. Wellp hota hai right orientation means you come to know which kind of political ideology you are supporting, are you supporting democracy red this orientation develops according to you planning commission was right or according to you NITI Aayog now It is going well, right, this type of thing, we have information related to politics phenomenon.
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This is the way our political education is done, then we adopt this concept, next we go ahead, what is the next function, which is the 7 functions we are understanding of the political structure, interest articulation, this is a major function, how to reverse interest articulation in the political system. Political community has limited resources and competition is very high
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that we as individuals cannot fight for ourselves as individuals we cannot protect our interest
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group banatear group pressure group interest group various associations like I believe we are the best Let's take the exam, the meaning of our student union is that the individual, who is individual, will not be able to secure his interest by going separately, for the exam is free high, you have seen this thing that the fees of the campus, which is a university campus, have been increased now.
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What will people do, what will the students oppose, then it means that you cannot fight this battle alone, so what will you do, you will form a group, you will form a student union and you will come and keep your collective voice that this free high This is not in our fever, it will be a challenge for us, we make connections on so many feeds so that we can fight against the limited resources which are the competition and for this we take support of various structures like peer group pressure
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Groups or interest groups or associations like farmers who are farmers form their own unions, those who are bank employees form their own unions, medical groups have their own unions, they
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lobby to protect their interests, interest articulation in the government. The meaning has been understood that interest aggregation is the next.
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Now this interest integration is the process through which various demands, not conflicting demands, are converted into policies and decisions, which means action is taken. For example, farmers have organized their collective Keep your voice that brother, some reform should be done in agriculture so that farmers can get some benefit, their savings rate can increase, their life can be good, ok
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man, let's take income from a farmer like us, we have to double their income. If so, what will the government do for that,
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interest aggregation will happen through the former union, the next process will be that the government will accept this demand and on the basis of this will take some policy and design, then the government will come up with a bill, APMC Reform Bill, APMC, which is related to agriculture. There is a market, it has to be reformed so that the farmers who are farmers can get the butter price of their produce
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and in this way their earning will increase and their life will be improved, so this has become an important
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function of interest aggregation
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which is a political structure. Next and function is date is political communication
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in political communication this is important process in the political systems where we transmit the information receive it regarding to the function of the political system
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now this is the information we are sharing by receiving It is happening among the individuals and groups and institutions, now what tools are used for this, mass media, print media, news channels and nowadays an internet time But social media is going on through it our political communication is happening means we are receiving information and we are also sharing information ok
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now you will see what is your opinion you are sharing or you are sharing other people's opinion are reaching so the information regarding the functions of the political system is being shared here method help of various platforms ok so all these are reduced inputs means all these less information is reached till now next less What we have just seen above is to translate the input variables into output variables, what is this? First we read the
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interest article where we put our voice, then we read the interest aggregation policy, through all these, what can we do? We are giving messages on political structures, we are giving inputs that brother, you consider these issues and then what will come out in the form of output, here we will see rule making, rule application and rule education,
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which are derived from the output variable. Understand their function in 1/1 detail If there is then rule making, now you must have understood rule making, that it is the interest, which is the demand, making laws on the basis of it, OK, like who is the primary function of the legislation,
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OK, next is the rule application, such as by the executive, which laws were made Have to implement them and next rule education means if at the time of execution, at the time of application of the loss, some conflict has arisen, in some matter, if there has been a conflict of interest,
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then I hope that which is a structural functional approach, it has been understood that how Various structures are present in any political system and how they are reducing, what function they are performing and on the basis of this investigation will be done, analysis will be done and conclusion will be drawn.
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So we have seen that good things are happening ok, but this structural also has its own problems like political system approach had and limitations in political system approach which were drawbacks, this structural functional approach was brought only to improve them. tha but steel structural functional approach is not perfect in itself it also has some drawbacks what draw wax hai so critics say that jo and jo jo yeh jo hamara system approach hai na and structure approach hai
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this too somewhere or the other It was influenced by the political system approach and what is its primary,
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then what should be done, which is the political system, it has been modified a little bit so that it can survive, but the theme is the same, the basic framework is the same, and in this way steel This model depends on or represents the western democratic political model and somewhere else this structural functional approach is based on the analysis of the western democratic political model, so still it is fully
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representative of the developing societies. It is not doing, it is still not applicable there,
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ok, so the next line is that the institutions of developing societies and the functions of those institutions, it is still not suitable for not being able to investigate properly, gating and others. Yes, they are portraying in such a way that the western liberal model is superior, whether it is during each process, through each function, whether it is interest article or interest aggregation, political communication, political socialize. On the basis of all these functions,
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this model tells that the western model, which is the western liberal model, is superior and overall the supporter of this structural function approach, their concern is that why the status quo should be maintained.
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And for this reason why their purpose of maintaining this status is the biggest criticism they get from the marksheet which is tradition, Marxists say that which is structural functional approach, even now the political system of Western Capital Society. ko superior ka rahe hai ok kuch example lete hai aap golden ka jine critisize hai structural function approach ka kya line usse ki ki it is un social un social logical conservation
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crops of the industrial society so industrial society ke jo interest hai usko kahin na They are protecting somewhere Next let's take another example of bombardment they say defender imperialism abroad so what are the supporters of structural functional approach doing to protect the bourgeois society They are protecting their home means abroad and imperialism, where their colonial countries are, it has been criticized in this way,
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so I hope you have understood the structural functional model and the approach it is. I must have come to try to draw its future, when the question is asked in the exam, if there is any doubt for the value addition of your answer, then you can ask by commenting below and I hope that the different points I have explained to you. Ansr likhte ho is par and thanks for watching gas and ons again I would like to request
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you please subscribe me channel and share with adarsh to support me thanks video by take care
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