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0:03
Fredy Aviles: Okay, welcome to suck to 35 Child Psychology Today we're talking about adolescence, we're talking about cognitive development. So it's chapter 15
0:15
Fredy Aviles: Okay.
0:17
Fredy Aviles: I consider this chapter to be interesting. Okay. Usually cognitive development is not that interesting, but Fredy Aviles: This one is because we're talking about our lessons. So let's get started. Actually, the first part is probably not too interesting. The first part has to do with Piaget, and Fredy Aviles: We've been talking about Piaget through out the semester as we go through the stages that part problem, not too interesting. But the rest of it is
0:39
Fredy Aviles: Okay, so we're going to start by talking about PHA then we're going to go into Adolescent egocentrism, which is interesting inductive versus deductive reasoning. That's interesting, too, and all the rest is interesting.
0:51
Fredy Aviles: Okay. Um, we're not going to cover all of it today. Okay, so let's get started.
0:59
Fredy Aviles: Okay.
1:01
Fredy Aviles: So, first thing we need to talk about is Piaget his theory of cognitive development. So the part of Piaget theory that corresponds to adolescence.
1:14
Fredy Aviles: Is for more operational thought that is the last stage a pH theory.
1:20
Fredy Aviles: Right. It's called the formal operational period. Okay, so it's the fourth and final stage of cognitive development. Fredy Aviles: It's characterized by more systematic logic and the ability to think about abstract ideas. Okay, let me explain that.
1:34
Fredy Aviles: The formal operational period or form operational thought is characterized by basically you been to be able to think abstractly, being able to think more about in terms of ideas, things that aren't necessarily physical right being able to imagine things things up to do, let's say, with
1:51
Fredy Aviles: Like equations or logic things that you've where you have to think about things and figure things out in your in your heads of speak think abstractly about things that are not necessarily physical. Okay.
2:04
Fredy Aviles: Things like this, would you know would have to do with things like math advanced more advanced math, physics, chemistry,
2:14
Fredy Aviles: Philosophy, things like government, things like that. Those are more abstract ideas right younger children struggle with that. But adolescence.
2:25
Fredy Aviles: Because begin to, well, they start getting better at this stuff.
2:29
Fredy Aviles: During the during this time. So examples can be seen that unless at math, especially advanced math right social sciences, we think about society. Fredy Aviles: And things related society, things have to do with science, like I said, chemistry, physics, things like that. So we're talking about things that are more abstract things you have to imagine things that you you know you can't always touch. Okay, so we're beyond the concrete now.
2:57
Fredy Aviles: moving more into the stuff that is
3:00
Fredy Aviles: more abstract okay and
3:05
Fredy Aviles: Let me talk about some of PhDs experience experiments. So, Piaget used some experiments to try and determine if Fredy Aviles: If people had gotten to this last and final stage of his of his theory. Right. So phn colleagues divides the number of tasks to assess formal operation of that. So they developed a balancing task, right, that requires balancing a scale and some weights. I'll show you an image in a moment.
3:33
Fredy Aviles: It requires some skill to logically solve the problem. Okay. Because you have to
3:39
Fredy Aviles: Imagine
3:41
Fredy Aviles: You know what happens if you move if a certain way in a certain direction. Okay, and let's let's take a closer look at this task on the next slide. Here's the balancing test. You can see the image their younger children.
3:57
Fredy Aviles: Have more problems with this task. So you can see the image of the two young children on the top of the image there, and being
4:08
Fredy Aviles: So you have to balance. It's a balancing test, you have to balance this thing. And there are ways. Okay. And at the end, the waves can have different a different mass. Okay, so you have to figure out where should I put the ways
4:26
Fredy Aviles: So that it it balances. Okay. And you can see the, the two children at the picture at the bottom.
4:35
Fredy Aviles: That are a little bit older, are able to figure it out.
4:40
Fredy Aviles: So in C and D, right, if you have a large wait for instance on one side and you have a smaller one on the left and you want this. Fredy Aviles: This this thing to balance. Well, then you have to move in the larger wait a little bit closer to the center.
4:58
Fredy Aviles: And the one in the smaller weight that is on the left, needs to be a little bit further away. So it balances and it takes some skill to figure that out. You have to be able to imagine thing. Just remember to think logically. Okay.
5:12
Fredy Aviles: This was the test one of the tests that Piaget used to determine if
5:17
Fredy Aviles: If people have actually achieved for more operational thought okay
5:25
Fredy Aviles: So, uh, yeah, that's the task right there. So let's let's let's keep going.
5:32
Fredy Aviles: Now let's talk about something more interesting.
5:35
Fredy Aviles: Let's talk about
5:38
Fredy Aviles: Other things that have to do with our logic okay and and how it applies to oneself. So children are or I should say adolescents are more capable of basically thinking abstractly during this time using logic. Right.
5:53
Fredy Aviles: But they still have some problems, especially when it comes to things that have to do with themselves right thinking about themselves. They don't always do it very logically. Okay.
6:04
Fredy Aviles: And there's something that's very characteristic of adolescence is i don't i don't let them egocentrism
6:11
Fredy Aviles: What this means is that adolescence, basically.
6:14
Fredy Aviles: You know, they think about themselves.
6:18
Fredy Aviles: In ways that are very self centered. Okay. And you can see what the image over here, you have these girls are. I don't know what maybe during the end cheerleader cheerleading or in drill team or something like that. But, you know,
6:32
Fredy Aviles: They're probably in high school. And this is very typical of adolescent girls. Fredy Aviles: Look at that. Right, looking at their makeup, making sure that you making sure that their hair is right and making sure they look good. Right. I don't lessons are very self focused, very, very focused on their appearance. That's part of adolescent EAGLE SAID egocentrism
6:53
Fredy Aviles: So it's a it's a type of thinking that leads people, young people, those ages 10 to 14
7:01
Fredy Aviles: To basically focus on themselves, to the exclusion of other people. They focus a lot on themselves. So they're very self centered very egocentric that care a lot about their appearance, they care a lot about their hair about what they were.
7:17
Fredy Aviles: You know, and if there's a zit on their nose or something like that. It's like the end of the world. They are very so focused very self centered very egocentric during this time. Fredy Aviles: Okay, so it's an I don't listen egocentrism is going to cute self consciousness right about physical appearance. That's greatest between ages 10 to 14 so remember right when you were about this age, very
7:37
Fredy Aviles: This is the time when, when people are just very self conscious very self focused okay very concerned about what you know. Fredy Aviles: About what other people might think if they should have a sit on their nose or if they don't wear the right clothes. So they're very focused on their peers. They're very shallow. Okay.
7:55
Fredy Aviles: They care a lot about their appearance and what they were.
8:00
Fredy Aviles: And it's just a that's called Adolescent egocentrism, so they focus on themselves a lot to the exclusion of other people. Okay, that's, that's, I don't listen egocentrism Fredy Aviles: So, you know, they're extremely self conscious MORE ABOUT THIS THIS egocentrism leads to other problems. Okay.
8:19
Fredy Aviles: egocentrism leads our lessons to interpret everyone else's behavior as if it were a judgment on themselves so they because they focus so much on themselves. They're so self centered so egocentric.
8:33
Fredy Aviles: They think that, you know, for instance.
8:37
Fredy Aviles: Everybody's looking at them.
8:39
Fredy Aviles: But they're very aware about themselves, but not so aware about what other people are doing. So they're very aware of themselves and they think that everybody's looking at them and everybody's judging them. Fredy Aviles: And the reality is that other people aren't really looking at them as much as they think. So there's this thing called an imaginary audience.
8:57
Fredy Aviles: They believe somehow that everybody notices them. Everybody's looking at them. It's like they're onstage and therefore they're very self centered very egocentric and they care a lot about their appearance. Right.
9:09
Fredy Aviles: And you know, that's part of Adolescent egocentrism, so the imaginary audience audiences. Other people who analysis egocentric belief are watching and taking note of his or her behavior. Fredy Aviles: His or her appearance their ideas. Right. It makes teenagers very self conscious and you know the imaginary audience also dominates online when you are online, whether you're on Facebook, Twitter, or Snapchat, whatever you guys are using nowadays. It keeps changing. Okay.
9:37
Fredy Aviles: You know,
9:38
Fredy Aviles: Adolescents have this tendency to believe that everybody notices every picture that they post up there, everything they say
9:46
Fredy Aviles: Just like they think everybody notices how they're dressed and and maybe that zit on their face or their hair and the reality is most people don't care and don't notice you that much.
9:58
Fredy Aviles: Okay, but that's part about it. Egocentrism they're very self focused very self conscious and they believe that everybody's watching them.
10:07
Fredy Aviles: And it's just not true.
10:10
Fredy Aviles: Okay, some people are watching you and do care. But most people are not okay.
10:17
Fredy Aviles: More about this. There's also a something else has to do with Adolescent egocentrism is this idea of a personal fable.
10:26
Fredy Aviles: And aspect of Adolescent egocentrism characterized by now lessons believe that his or her thoughts, feelings, or experiences are unique more wonderful and awful than anybody else's. Let me explain that a personal fable right
10:40
Fredy Aviles: It's basically this idea that somehow, your life is so interesting, right, wonderful or awful or something that your life is so interesting. Fredy Aviles: And that somebody should write about your life. They should make a movie about you, they should write a book or make maybe make a play about your life a lot of adolescence believe this about their lives. Right. It's called a personal fable.
11:04
Fredy Aviles: A fable is a very well known story. Fredy Aviles: That you may have heard of, like, ASAP stable, something like that. So this is something else about our lesson egocentrism, it leads them to believe that their lives are very interesting
11:14
Fredy Aviles: And that it's just something that's very interesting. And everybody should know about it. They should make a movie they should write about it. They don't always believe that they should make a movie write about it, but it's just very interesting Fredy Aviles: To them, and that you know other people need to know about this.
11:30
Fredy Aviles: And of course, if you
11:33
Fredy Aviles: You know, if you well if you use YouTube Alaya you'll see a lot of people on there.
11:40
Fredy Aviles: That are basically sharing their lives, you know, with the with other people on the internet and sometimes they're just doing regular things, but to them, their lives are so interesting. Fredy Aviles: Right, and they want other people to know about it. So there are some that yeah they make YouTube videos and they put their lives out there.
11:58
Fredy Aviles: And some of those people, you know, are interesting, but the vast majority of them are not. Okay. And that's the reality. The reality is Fredy Aviles: Your life is not as interesting as you think it is as an adolescent. You think it's just interesting everyone should know about it, it's just
12:13
Fredy Aviles: There's something interesting about it. Maybe it's really wonderful words grade are you this amazing person or that it's really awful and people need to hear your story about, you know, the Fredy Aviles: The awful things that you've had to endure and the reality is, is that your life is mostly just like everybody else's
12:31
Fredy Aviles: It's not that interesting.
12:33
Fredy Aviles: Okay, it's not as extraordinary as you think it is. But that's part of Adolescent egocentrism Fredy Aviles: Very self centric right very focused on themselves. They think everybody's looking at them, they think their, their lives are so interesting and wonderful or awful. Fredy Aviles: And it's just not true. The reality is, is mostly. You're like everybody else. And most people don't care. And most people are not looking at. That is the reality.
12:59
Fredy Aviles: There's also something else that's very common during adolescence and this is a little bit more dangerous. There's the invincibility fable.
13:07
Fredy Aviles: And adolescence egocentric conviction or belief that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat or normal mortal, such as unprotected sex drug use or high speed driving Fredy Aviles: Let me explain that the invincibility fable is this idea that somehow you're going to be okay that nothing's going to happen to you, despite the fact that you engage in risky behaviors and adolescents.
13:32
Fredy Aviles: Think about it, right, having unprotected sex is very, very risky, though more than half of adolescence actually do that. Fredy Aviles: They think that oh, let's not you know those bad things, not going to happen to them, right, they're not going to get that Fredy Aviles: That sexually transmitted infection. They're not going to get pregnant all know they're not gonna they're not going to have these problems, right.
13:53
Fredy Aviles: Yes, they are. OK. You are very vulnerable. During this time, especially during this time. And I'll let us engage in this risky behavior, thinking that nothing's going to happen to them. Fredy Aviles: Right. A lot of them will experiment with drugs thinking it's no big deal right but nothing's going to happen. It is a big deal. People get addicted.
14:13
Fredy Aviles: You meet you know people who are dangerous. It's actually very, very risky or high speed driving without a license do learn how to drive and they do get to drive right they often want to drive really fast.
14:27
Fredy Aviles: Okay, and listen to loud music at the same time that they drive and have their headphones on, or maybe even texting while driving all extremely risky behavior. Behavior.
14:38
Fredy Aviles: Right, though they've heard of other people getting into accidents, when they text while driving. Fredy Aviles: Or they talk on the phone while driving. They think that somehow it's not going to happen to them that they are going to be okay that they're going to be the exception. Fredy Aviles: That's, that's, that's the thing about the invincibility fable unless engage in all this risky behavior, thinking that it's going to be okay. Nothing's going to happen to them.
14:58
Fredy Aviles: The image right here. Right. These young boys are you, I don't know how they are maybe 1314 right going out there with their dog out there, you know, with their a TV and and with these guns real guns, by the way.
15:12
Fredy Aviles: And because their adolescence, they probably drive too fast, sometimes and want to show off. Fredy Aviles: You know, they play with these guns as if they were toys thinking that nothing's going to happen to them when they're actually doing something very, very dangerous handling guns writing a vehicle like that. Fredy Aviles: They can flip over and you can break your neck and die right it's actually very, very risky but I don't license fail to perceive this threat this dangerous.
15:38
Fredy Aviles: Because they're young and they have a lot of energy. They think that somehow nothing's going to happen to them. They're not going to get hurt. Fredy Aviles: That they are not vulnerable. They think they're always going to be young and healthy. No. And what happens is you you eventually get old and die and you can die while you're young, to you can get hurt, while you're young.
15:57
Fredy Aviles: And remember when you were this a try. Remember this, the stupid things that you wanted to do. Right. Remember, right. Fredy Aviles: You want it to have a you know you wanted a car that went fast. Remember, had a lot of horsepower, right, especially if you were a guy. Fredy Aviles: And if you if you had a car like that you probably, you know, drove too fast. You wanted to party a lot. Remember right party partying drinking right even though you weren't legally able to drink.
16:24
Fredy Aviles: Guess who's at those parties bunch of strangers mostly people you don't know very often dangerous people, but you're there partying, you know, trying to have a good time, as if you're not in a very vulnerable position and you are
16:40
Fredy Aviles: And that's just the reality. You know, I've adolescence, they, they want to do all these crazy things engage in all these risky behaviors, thinking that nothing's going to happen to them. Fredy Aviles: And as you get older, by the way, you're going to realize you're going to look back and realize that a lot of things you did were risky and stupid. And it's just the way it is.
16:58
Fredy Aviles: You know, I did things to I still love to go hiking, but he used to love to, you know, I still like to hike, but I used to go out there in the wilderness with my friend. We went a couple of times in the winter.
17:11
Fredy Aviles: Not knowing that it gets really cold up there thinking that we were going to be okay. We even know what we were doing and we almost froze at night.
17:18
Fredy Aviles: Okay, and then we didn't even have enough water.
17:21
Fredy Aviles: Almost died of thirst to just going out there thinking, like, yeah, we're young, we can do anything like no you can't do anything. Okay. Fredy Aviles: And many times when we went hiking to we would deliberately go off the trail and pick the hardest route up the mountain. Fredy Aviles: Why, because it was fun, but it was also very risky and we could have easily have died.
17:41
Fredy Aviles: That's the kind of stuff that I did when I was younger, right, because I couldn't really afford a car and my parents didn't buy me a car, but if I had one, I probably would have been a responsible with it probably would have driven too fast and they even crashed a stupid thing.
17:54
Fredy Aviles: There's a reason why if you put an adolescent on your insurance policy. Fredy Aviles: Why your insurance your car insurance goes way up because the insurance companies know that I don't unless it's engaging very risky behavior when it comes to driving and they're more likely to Fredy Aviles: To crash that car ruin that car run over someone end up killing themselves and therefore you pay more for insurance.
18:17
Fredy Aviles: That's the invincibility fable, this idea that you can do anything and nothing's going to go wrong. It's not true.
18:24
Fredy Aviles: Other things about adolescence.
18:27
Fredy Aviles: We need to differentiate between inductive and deductive reasoning, and we'll talk about which one is more which is more of an advanced form of thinking and the other Fredy Aviles: Inductive reasoning is when you reason from one or more things to one or more specific things or facts to a general conclusion. So inductive reasoning is when you reason from specifics to general okay
18:52
Fredy Aviles: Let me give you an example that the easiest example I can think of that a lot of you probably heard of, okay, if it wattles it quacks. It has a big it has webbed feet, it's a duck right so specifics from the specific things you reason to the general Eduardo's have when feed has a big
19:12
Fredy Aviles: You know, it's a duck. Okay, this is a less cognitively advanced then then deductive reasoning which I'm going to talk about in a moment. So this one is a is less less advanced. Okay.
19:26
Fredy Aviles: And this is also sometimes called bottom up processing now more advanced form of thinking is called deductive reasoning. When you reason from something general Fredy Aviles: Right, a general premise or principle through logical steps to figure out the specifics. Okay, sometimes called Top down processing. So deductive reasoning is the opposite of inductive reasoning.
19:48
Fredy Aviles: An example simple example would be, it's a duck. Therefore it quacks it wattles right, it has been. It has feathers. Fredy Aviles: That kind of reasoning. So inductive reasoning is when you reason from the specifics Fredy Aviles: To something general and deductive reasoning is your reason from something general first you start with something general and then you figure out the specifics
20:09
Fredy Aviles: And deductive reasoning is considered more advanced and more advanced form of thinking than inductive reasoning and let's give you an example about that.
20:19
Fredy Aviles: So children reason more interactively, for instance, that some people are prejudice when it comes to thinking about prejudice and racism and things like that. Fredy Aviles: We've all heard about it. Okay. The way children think about the problem is they reason inductive Lee. The reason that there are some people who are prejudice. Some people are racist right that there's some bad apples out there.
20:40
Fredy Aviles: And that's what's happening. That's the way children think right
20:46
Fredy Aviles: They see or they hear about the specifics. Right.
20:52
Fredy Aviles: And, you know,
20:54
Fredy Aviles: And they think that well.
20:57
Fredy Aviles: And well the reason about this. Okay, that's inductive reasoning. Okay, now adolescence. On the other hand, are usually capable of more advanced forms of thinking Fredy Aviles: They think deductive Lee that racism is is society wide right that it's a more of a general thing right and they're more likely, think about things have to do with policy okay policy solutions are laws and rules and things like that.
21:24
Fredy Aviles: So the point is I don't lessons here are more likely, think about the general problem. Okay.
21:30
Fredy Aviles: That racism prejudice is something that is actually widespread and systemic. I'm sure you guys have heard this term a lot lately systemic racism that is a widespread societal problem. Fredy Aviles: It's not just about specific people here and there, it's a big problem. It's a general problem. It's a societal problem.
21:48
Fredy Aviles: Okay, and therefore we have to tackle it at it on a society level.
21:53
Fredy Aviles: That is more advanced thinking okay then to think there's some people here and there, who are racist. And that's really what racism is Fredy Aviles: That's how children think that's inductive reasoning and by the way they are plenty of people out there, including politicians who view the problem that way and say, no, we don't have a problem with the police departments, just a few bad apples here.
22:14
Fredy Aviles: No, no, the way we do. We don't have systemic racism. It's just a few bad people here and there, like, and anyone who thinks about the problem productively. Fredy Aviles: Would come up, you know, with different explanation is, I know it's not a few bad apples here and there we have
22:31
Fredy Aviles: Real systemic racism. It's a societal problem. It's a problem at every level of society. It's in politics. It's an education. It's in healthcare. It's in housing. It's an economics. It's everywhere. Racism prejudice. Fredy Aviles: Prejudice. Let's talk about racism, right, it's everywhere absolutely everywhere. It is a general problem. If we think about IT DIDN'T ACTIVELY we will come to that conclusion.
22:58
Fredy Aviles: But there's plenty of people out there. Adults thinking like children that it's just a few bad apples here and there. Fredy Aviles: Right there thinking inductive Lee, they're thinking about the specifics
23:08
Fredy Aviles: And saying, That's racist. I'm just a few people here and there, when really it's a more widespread problem. If we think about it. Deductive Lee, we think about it as a whole. More generally will see that it's actually a societal problem. It's very widespread it is systemic. It is institutionalized.
23:27
Fredy Aviles: And the more we think about it, right, the more we arrive at that conclusion. Now adolescents are capable of that kind of thinking now, they may not come to that conclusion, of course, because Fredy Aviles: As you'll find out. I think, you know, in the next chapter. Adolescents tend to believe what their parents tell them, and it just depends on what their parents believe about a problem like racism.
23:48
Fredy Aviles: Okay, because remember we have people who believe different things about that. If you're on the receiving end of racism, you tend to believe you know one thing if you are not on the receiving end, then you tend to think it's not a big deal.
24:02
Fredy Aviles: Let's keep going.
24:06
Fredy Aviles: two modes of thinking intuition versus analysis. Something else that's very interesting about adolescent thinking Fredy Aviles: Is that is is these two forms of thinking when they engage in intuitive thought and when they engage in analytic thought okay that's due process thinking due process means two ways of thinking
24:23
Fredy Aviles: So two possibilities when it comes to thinking for adolescents so intuitive thought
24:28
Fredy Aviles: Is thinking that's based on an emotion or a hunch. Right. It's like emotional thinking or a hunch, your intuition. Right. It's something that doesn't really have a rational explanation and it's influenced by past experience and cultural assumptions.
24:45
Fredy Aviles: So it's, it's basically when you think emotionally intuitively, you're not really thinking logically Fredy Aviles: Now logical thought analytic thought that's something different analytic thought requires analysis. Fredy Aviles: Such as systematic ranking of the pros and cons risks and consequences possibilities and facts right i don't really thought depends on logic and rationality. Fredy Aviles: So I know that I thought is more careful thinking
25:10
Fredy Aviles: When you think about something and you think about, you know, what are the pros and cons. What, what are the good things about this. What are the bad things about this right, let me think about this in an intelligent way. Let me use logic. Right.
25:22
Fredy Aviles: Let me you can do some more analysis that's analytic thought that's careful thinking that's the way we would want adolescence to think, but they don't always think that way they can also think intuitively. They can also be emotional, or just go on a hunch, right. I'll give you an example.
25:40
Fredy Aviles: Now, now, not all adolescents are going to be able to afford a car or their parents aren't always going to be able to give them a car, but Fredy Aviles: When you're an adolescent and you want a car. What kind of car do you want what kind if you could, you know, get a car like what kind of card usually one
25:57
Fredy Aviles: Now because adolescents are very intuitive very emotional. They will often say that they want a car that looks good. Right. They want a flashy car they want one that goes fast with a lot of horsepower one that's going to get them a lot of attention.
26:11
Fredy Aviles: That's your intuitive thought right there being emotional right it's not really rational, you're just being emotional. It looks good. I'm gonna have fun, right. People are gonna like me that's really why you want that flashy car.
26:25
Fredy Aviles: If you engage in more analytic thought you would arrive at a different conclusion. Fredy Aviles: You would think different, and you would say, okay, well I want this car over here. Why, because it's a car that is reliable right one, that's not gonna be breaking down all the time, or it's one that for instance is safe. Fredy Aviles: It's one that I can afford right or that my parents can afford right to make the payments.
26:50
Fredy Aviles: That's more analytic thought
26:53
Fredy Aviles: And when you get older, by the way, you're more likely to think analytically. Like, right now I'm older. Right. And I think more analytically than intuitive. When I was in our lesson the past, I would be more intuitive I to when I was younger. Fredy Aviles: Wanted that good looking flashy car that goes fast and has a lot of horsepower, just like a lot of people. And it's not just going, by the way, it's also women.
27:16
Fredy Aviles: Right, who also think this way, but I'm giving you an example that's kind of more male focused. Okay. I was like that too. Fredy Aviles: Thankfully I was poor. When I was younger, and I couldn't afford a car. Fredy Aviles: Right. And my parents couldn't afford to buy me one either. So I didn't get a car. So I think basically get to drive a flashy, you know, car that got me a lot of tension. I think that was a good thing.
27:40
Fredy Aviles: Because if I would have done that. If I would have had that I probably would have been a responsible because of the other things we talked about it. I probably would have driven too fast. I probably would have crashed the stupid thing I might have hurt myself or somebody else.
27:52
Fredy Aviles: But that's how adolescents are they think intuitively now that I'm older. And I could actually afford a nice flashy car right Fredy Aviles: Car with a lot of horsepower that goes fast and things like that. I don't want it anymore. Fredy Aviles: Because now I'm more logical more responsible and I can do, I can afford it. I would not buy a car like that. There's plenty of people my age and younger right who are beyond this adolescent stage who still think that way, by the way.
28:18
Fredy Aviles: And those people are basically still thinking, intuitively, they're still thinking like adolescence.
28:26
Fredy Aviles: They still are going with just emotion.
28:30
Fredy Aviles: And that's what they want and as an adult, especially when you have children, you need to think more logically
28:35
Fredy Aviles: Right.
28:37
Fredy Aviles: So here's the thing, when it comes to adolescence. They prefer emotions. Right. They prefer that emotional intuitive thought Fredy Aviles: rational judgment is difficult for them when egocentric emotions dominate. So because they think that everybody's looking at them. The imaginary audience because they're so self focused concerned about their appearance, because they think their lives are so interesting.
28:59
Fredy Aviles: Their thinking is very emotional.
29:03
Fredy Aviles: So they can have a car. They want one that's going to get them a lot of attention when that goes fast when the has a lot of horsepower and I know most people when their adolescence cannot afford that. Fredy Aviles: Or, you know, a lot of them. Their parents cannot afford it. But that's what our lessons want if they could have it their way. And there's plenty of people who do who are privileged
29:21
Fredy Aviles: Who are who can have that. And parents do get them that, and it's a very bad decision on the part of their parents to get them something like that.
29:31
Fredy Aviles: But that's what they that's what our lessons prefer. They're very emotional. They want to party. They don't have a good time. Right. Fredy Aviles: They're not necessarily thinking rationally right that I could get hurt at this party.
29:42
Fredy Aviles: That I might get addicted to these drugs, right, they're very emotional and more intuitive when it comes to thinking. So it's more about their gut feeling. It's about how they feel. It's about, you know, things you know being interesting. That's what they care about.
29:56
Fredy Aviles: Experience and decision making and thinking facilitates more use of analysis, they need more experience right and making these decisions. Fredy Aviles: They need more experience right when it comes to let's say handling a bank account or having a car and as they get more experience. They will learn to think more logically
30:13
Fredy Aviles: I remember when I first got a bank account I you know I got a bank account, and I got a credit card. And you know what happened to me before I knew it, I spent all the money in my bank account, and I was in debt. And I didn't even know that my credit card had a monthly fee.
30:32
Fredy Aviles: And I owed money to the damn credit card even money that I didn't know I was going to. Oh, and that's because I was inexperienced Fredy Aviles: And just like all adolescence. I wanted money to spend, and I got a credit card thinking that everything was going to be okay. And I didn't know what I was doing.
30:49
Fredy Aviles: And I got this in our lesson. By the way, when I was like 16 I got, I got an older adult to kind of cosign for me so I can open a bank card was actually my cousin, not my parents. Fredy Aviles: Who kind of a co sign for me so I can get a credit card. Even before I was 18 years old. I don't know if you can still get a credit card before you're 18
31:06
Fredy Aviles: But I wasn't ready. I was very emotional in my thinking. I wasn't thinking rationally and before I knew it, I was in debt and I owed the credit card card company. Fredy Aviles: Money and I didn't even know what I was doing. I wasn't keeping track of what I was spending and I learned a very valuable lesson.
31:23
Fredy Aviles: I it took me a while to pay off what I owe to the credit card. I actually call them up and they told me they gave me some good advice. They told me I I advise you to rip up that credit card.
31:35
Fredy Aviles: And pay off the debt. And that's what I did. I cut it up I ripped it up. I threw it away, so I couldn't you know use it anymore. And then I slowly pay down the debt.
31:46
Fredy Aviles: And then eventually got rid of it. And it taught me a very valuable lesson about money.
31:51
Fredy Aviles: That's what adolescence need they need more experience. So go ahead, let them open up a bath a yacht a bank account. Fredy Aviles: Let them, you know, get a credit card. Although, make sure they have some very Fredy Aviles: Some very low limits. Don't let them get into thousands of dollars of credit card debt mixed in and let them learn those lessons for themselves and don't as a parent don't pay it off for them.
32:12
Fredy Aviles: Let them struggle. Let them pay let them learn these things so they think more rationally. I'm very thankful that I had that experience when I was young, because now I'm actually very good with money because of that experience.
32:25
Fredy Aviles: Okay, I'm not like the typical American who has like $15,000 of credit card debt. No, I don't have that my cars are paid off. Fredy Aviles: I have I, you know, if I do charge anything on my credit card I pay it the same month, I don't even get jobs. Any interest. Okay, very responsible
32:39
Fredy Aviles: But that's what are the lessons need they need more experience and making these decisions and that will make them more logical more rational in the future. They need to learn from experience. They don't always learn from you, telling them, by the way.
32:51
Fredy Aviles: More about about this two forms of thinking. So why do we have this intuitive emotional thought versus this rational thought, well, there's different parts of the brain that actually have to do with that. Okay, there's dual processing.
33:06
Fredy Aviles: You know, in the brain. Okay, there are the sub cortical regions in the brain. Fredy Aviles: And by sub cargo. We're talking about what that means is that we're talking about areas of the brain. Fredy Aviles: That are below the cortex below the cerebral cortex. Remember the cerebral cortex is that part of the brain that's the surface area. It looks frankly well self critical beans below that below that you have the limbic system.
33:29
Fredy Aviles: Which is the part of the brain that has to do with emotional thinking it involves things like the amygdala and the hippocampus.
33:40
Fredy Aviles: The hypothalamus, things like that.
33:44
Fredy Aviles: So that's the part of the brain, for instance, that makes
33:49
Fredy Aviles: You know, people want to engage in sensation seeking right to seek those thrills to seek out emotional novelty things that are new to seek out seek out reward things that make you feel good. That's because of the limbic system. Fredy Aviles: It's also called like the, you know, emotional part of the brain or the reptilian brain that a primitive part of the brain. It actually developed more rapidly after puberty.
34:14
Fredy Aviles: You know this is something that develops rapidly. So it's actually quite well developed
34:20
Fredy Aviles: During adolescence and therefore I listened to very emotional, and they're thinking, right, and they seek things that make them feel good things are exciting right that's all because of the limbic system. Now the cortical regions of the brain.
34:35
Fredy Aviles: Develop a bit later they developed through early adulthood that cortical regions of the brain. We're talking about the more advanced part of the brain, the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex that takes longer to develop
34:49
Fredy Aviles: Like for instance, the prefrontal cortex is one of these parts of the of the brain that helps you basically
34:57
Fredy Aviles: Helps you plan helps you control yourself. It helps you focus because I mentioned this before, but that's the free frontal cortex, the very front part of your brain.
35:06
Fredy Aviles: Right helps you control yourself more think more rationally right to plan to control your emotions control your behavior and that part of the brain is not really fully formed during adolescence.
35:19
Fredy Aviles: It's actually not completely developed until according to some research. The late teens, even the early 20s and that explains a lot about the way our lessons. Think I don't listen. Some more emotional more intuitive. Fredy Aviles: They are less rational less analytical and it's because of this is because their brain. The front part of the brain that involves that rational thinking that planning right that impulse control isn't yet fully developed.
35:47
Fredy Aviles: Let's keep going.
35:50
Fredy Aviles: More about logic and the self. So in adolescence development moves from egocentrism to abstract logic. So they start out being very egocentric right the beginning of our lessons. Fredy Aviles: And they they become a bit more rational as they as they get older. Okay. And that's because of brain maturation as the brain matures, especially the first part of the brain, they become more capable
36:09
Fredy Aviles: Of basically thinking abstractly thinking logically thinking more rationally. Okay. They have more intense conversations Fredy Aviles: As they become adolescence to develop relationship they have very deep, meaningful friendships and they have more intense conversations and all this helps them think rationally about things.
36:26
Fredy Aviles: Schooling as well. You know, they learn how to think rationally in school and logically, you know, the things they learn about math or
36:37
Fredy Aviles: Social Studies or whatever that else they're, you know, they're learning in school. It gets a bit more advanced and more is expected of them as they get a little bit older and this helps. Of course, with them, developing this
36:50
Fredy Aviles: You know, more formal thinking more abstract thinking and helps them become less egocentric as they studied these different things, whether it's science or math or Fredy Aviles: Social Studies, whatever they may call it where they learn about society and the challenges of society. Other things you know there's moral challenges that come up. Right.
37:11
Fredy Aviles: dilemmas that they face, you know, with their friends with their parents and they have to think about those things rationally right increase independence as they get a little bit older, they're granted a little bit more independence.
37:24
Fredy Aviles: A little bit more freedom and there's going to be more challenges, there's going to be more things for them to think about new experiences. And the more they have experiences like this.
37:35
Fredy Aviles: You know, the more practice, they're having thinking about how things are and how they work, instead of just being emotional about it.
37:44
Fredy Aviles: Let's keep going. Trends and impulsivity and sensation seeking. Here's a graph over here.
37:51
Fredy Aviles: That shows you how being impulsive and sensation seeking kind of varies as people get older. So the pink line is impulsivity. So you can see at age 12 Fredy Aviles: You know, people are very impulsive during adolescence. People are very impulsive impulsivity impulsivity basically is doing something without thinking Fredy Aviles: It's doing something just because it feels good, or just because it seems interesting, right, that kind of thing.
38:21
Fredy Aviles: Okay. Very typical violin lesson. So you can see it's very high during age 12 and then it goes down age 1416 it goes down dramatically. Fredy Aviles: You know, and, and then kind of by the time you're about 22 your time, your brain is fully developed, you're not so impulsive anymore. Fredy Aviles: It goes up a little bit in your 20s. It looks like because people who are in their 20s, they still party they still like to have fun, right, that kind of stuff. Right.
38:45
Fredy Aviles: So you can see impulsivity right doing something without thinking right that trend kind of goes down. Okay. As you get older and but look at sensation seeking their sensation seeking is basically can be seeking out thrills
39:00
Fredy Aviles: Things that are, you know, interesting wanting to have a good time. Right. You can see how it's a little bit lower. At age 12 right i mean 12 year olds 13 year olds. They're a little scared. Okay.
39:15
Fredy Aviles: They're not as high on sensation seeking but it goes up as they get a little bit older 14 to tire 14 1516
39:23
Fredy Aviles: You know, they want to have a good time. They want to party they want to hang out. Right. They want to seek those thrills right and then it begins to decline, you know, closer to age 18 and begins to decline and then you don't seek that stuff out so much
39:37
Fredy Aviles: Okay, so both sensation seeking
39:41
Fredy Aviles: And impulsivity go down as we get older.
39:46
Fredy Aviles: But sensation seeking goes up during adolescence, a little bit stays high for a while and you know and then declines, so I don't lessons become less impulsive as they mature, but they still enjoy the thrill of a new sensation. Fredy Aviles: So if you're talking about the adolescent year right 12 to about maybe 18 right you can see that, especially for 1418 that you know sensation seeking is still high. I don't listen to want to have a good time.
40:10
Fredy Aviles: They want to party they want to hang out doing drugs that sensation seeking as well. Right. But you can see
40:17
Fredy Aviles: Them doing something without thinking that just declines rapidly as they get older.
40:27
Fredy Aviles: So better things so intuitive decisions are. Here's the thing. I've been talking about thinking intuitively emotionally right versus thinking on analytically and I've been saying that analytic thought is better. Right.
40:39
Fredy Aviles: But it's not always better. Okay. There are some circumstances in which intuitive decisions.
40:46
Fredy Aviles: You know, maybe better
40:48
Fredy Aviles: Most of the time, intuitive intuitive decisions are not are not best okay with maturity adolescence gradually balance. Fredy Aviles: Balance for more analytic thinking and emotional experiential thinking. So here's the thing. Fredy Aviles: So I've said that already. Yes. That Intuitive Thinking emotional thinking that's not always the best that's not that's not a very good thing.
41:06
Fredy Aviles: I don't know, thinking logical thinking is better and with experience adolescence get better and better at that. But there are sometimes when Intuitive Thinking is actually okay when it's actually a good thing.
41:18
Fredy Aviles: Quicker emotional Intuitive Thinking is actually sometimes better than analytical thought in some circumstances, thinking in that way is actually better. And one example of that is sports. Fredy Aviles: Right when you do play a sport, whether it's basketball or football or whatever it is, it's actually better to think emotionally and intuitively
41:37
Fredy Aviles: To listen to your body to go with your gut feeling. You don't really have time to kind of stop and think, and try to figure things out. You just have to act. Fredy Aviles: When you play sports and if you're going to be good, right, you're going to be very intuitive. You just kind of know what to do without thinking about it.
41:54
Fredy Aviles: And that's one instance in which Intuitive Thinking is better. But in most cases. I was like, thought is better.
42:02
Fredy Aviles: But if you're talking about being an athlete. If you're talking about being an artist, a musician in those cases emotional intuitive that is actually better because that's the creative part of you. Okay.
42:16
Fredy Aviles: But mostly, most of
42:19
Fredy Aviles: Most of the experiences, you're going to have in life are going to require you to think analytically to think more carefully and more logically
42:28
Fredy Aviles: And you know what, that's where we'll stop, I'm about halfway
42:34
Fredy Aviles: So let me go ahead and stop this recording will cover the rest next time.
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