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0:00
[upbeat music]
0:05
>> Are you ready to go? Child development? This is one of my favorite video clips of all time. Mostly because, ready? I want to know, and I know you do, you've all seen this, but it's still fun to watch. And I love to know what's going on in their heads, and I know people have already tried to say what's going on in their heads. [audience laughs] [babies chattering]
0:32
How many of you have never seen this?
0:40
[audience laughs] [babies chattering] [baby laughs] [audience laughs] [baby chattering]
0:54
[audience laughs]
1:00
[babies chattering and audience laughing] It's gotta be something about a sock, and you messed up, you spilled everywhere, it went there, and no, no, I didn't. [audience laughs] This is a conversation about a sock, I'm convinced, but I don't know that.
1:24
[babies chattering]
1:29
[audience laughs] [baby and audience laugh] [babies chattering]
1:48
[audience and baby laughs] [babies chattering]
1:56
[audience laughs]
2:02
[babies chattering and audience laughing] Okay, you know he's trying to say that, hey, that's not it, that's not the way it went, and he went like that. No it wasn't. I don't know where you're getting your information. [audience laughs] Talk to the hand. [audience laughs] Here's what psychologists do. They go [gasp], child psychologists go, there's something going on there. There's a conversation, there's a language. But you know what they're doing?
2:32
See, once you know a little bit more about things that as you study this you realize that wow, they're so cool. What they're doing is they're modeling. Does that sound like coo?
2:41
Who are they modeling right there? >> Audience: They're parents. >> It's mom and dad, or SpongeBob, or whatever they're watching. [audience laughs] Most likely it's Mom and Dad, and they're just kind of imitating, going no, no, no. But, something's funny about it to at least one of' em. [audience laughs] And so we find humor in just kind of, in this language. But you know what they're doing, which is way cool? They're taking, there's lots of cool things. One of them is they're taking turns.
3:08
>> Audience: Yeah. >> Didn't you notice that? How do they know to take turns? They go wa, wa, wa, wa, wa. Wa, wa, no, it was like that, it was, okay, your turn. [audience laughs] And the other one goes. You've done that since you were little because your mom or your dad, when you went like this as a baby, there's some weird things that you do, but your parents almost do this naturally, and your brain picks up, and you're a baby, you go,
3:34
[cooing], and almost always we see parents, moms they go, that's right, baby [cooing], [audience laughs] and the baby's like. [audience laughs] And the mom [coos], and the baby goes [coos], and then the mom goes that's right little baby [coos].
3:55
[audience laughs] You know what that is? That's language. That's the beginning of you and me having a conversation. I've never once had to talk to somebody and go okay, I'm done, your turn. [audience chuckles] That would be odd, but everybody knows when I'm done. How do you know when I'm done talking? >> Audience: You stop. >> Why did you just talk right then?
4:14
Because I gave you the freedom to do it with what? My what? >> Audience: Silence. >> The inflections at the end of my sentence going, oh, did you see the Broncos, and they won, they smoked' em, they killed' em. Wasn't that awesome? See, my voice go wo, wo, wa, da, ba, ba, ba, ba. [audience laughs] And that's your sign to go, oh no, it was messed up... [audience laughs] And if I want to interrupt you, and you're talking, how do you interrupt somebody? They're going [cooing].
4:42
And if you don't wanna be interrupted, you're like [babbling].
4:47
Like that. We do it all non verbally, it begins right there. It's very important, these rules we learn as children, that psychologist try and decipher. We know what they're thinking. I can figure out what they're thinking. Because of some of the cool things child psychologist do to get inside the mind, when this kid has no language, but they've got the beginnings of it. But, we can figure it out. But, we also have to do some cool experiments with this. By the way, your brain is just a segway
5:15
from what we covered last time about the brain. We were talking about pleasure circuits. You remember that? And how some of these pleasure centers are stimulated and how dopamine comes across, and dopamine stimulates this pleasure circuitry that says I like that, I like that, I like that. There are some people who are born liking those pleasure circuits to an extent that they have a hard time, what, delaying gratification. They want it and they want it now.
5:45
And then there are some who can delay gratification. And they have different brain firing patterns and that's some cool things we're looking at. So, could we go back if we figured out this, ready? In some people's brains they're able to delay gratification and they're prefrontal, this cortex, kinda kicks in and says, no you know what, you can wait.
6:09
And some who don't have that very well.
6:12
In fact, in this capacity what we find and what we notice is that brain scans show, and I don't know if you need to write all this down. In fact, it's not that important. If you want to do it for your own information, it's great. But, brain scans show that those who delay have more prefrontal cortex activity. You, who can delay have more prefrontal cortex activity. By delay, you know what I mean by delay gratification? I give you a bunch of chocolate and I say don't eat it. Until after dinner.
6:40
And some of you are like, yeah right. Or some of you say, but those who are more impulsive have more pleasure circuit activity. That's the area linked to addictions. So, is there a connection between impulsive behavior? The ventral striatum is an area related to addictions. But, this begins to show up in childhood in our brains. That's the connection. That's why it's so cool to study these things. But, that's why it's so cool to study children to start to figure out somethings.
7:09
And so a guy put together one of the coolest little studies of delayed gratification, working with kids to see when does this happen. And it was a guy by the name of, in the late mid 60s. I guess, late 60s a Stanford psychologist
7:24
performed a test on young children demonstrating the significance of delayed gratification known as The Marshmallow Experiment. How many of you have seen that one? That one's awesome. Would you guys like to see it? >> Audience: Yes. >> Alright. Here we go, The Marshmallow Experiment. [upbeat music]
7:49
How many have never seen this? >> Okay, sit in that chair. Alright, here's the deal, marshmallow for you. You can either wait, and I'll give you another one if you wait or you can eat it now. When I come back I'll give you another one, so then you'll have two. But, stay in here and stay in the chair until I come back. Okay? >> Okay. >> Alright. >> Are they able to delay gratification? That was the question. Would they wait to get a second one.
8:22
[laughing]
8:34
>> I'm gonna go do somethin' and then I'll come back. >> It smells yummy.
8:39
>> Aw, it smells really good.
8:44
>> He's saying if I don't look at, maybe, maybe I'll be fine, but let me see if it's there, oh yeah it's there. [laughing]
9:01
[mild tempo music]
9:28
>> Alright, it's up to you. You can have it now or you can wait, okay?
9:35
[laughing]
9:39
I'll be back, stay in the chair. Okay? Okay.
9:50
>> She's gonna eat, isn't she? [laughing]
10:27
>> This is my favorite kid right here. [laughing] Okay. [laughing]
10:41
We think these tendencies and this Stanford guy who studied this landed upon something. And we think these tendencies are pretty much inborn. Could you see which one you are? Some of you remembered what you were like as kids, and that like carries with us. And that's a big question for psychology. Do things that we're born with carry with us? We talked about shyness in here. Just because you're born this way, just because, by the way, I love all the bruises on his arms
11:04
ya know, and you can tell he's probably a wild kid. And he's right on the edge isn't he? There like, then you see some of' em pushing the boundaries which some of us do, like if I just take a little nibble, just a little taste.
11:17
Ultimately, when we talk about things like delayed gratification, the cool part is we're starting to find, and some research is showing, some cool ways to connect that which we study in the brain, and some of our processes with childhood things. Then the big question is are they born this way. Or some are saying, forget it I'm just gonna eat it. Or this delayed gratification principle, it's a process that certainly happens. As time goes on, parents can help
11:45
and so we're gonna ask big questions like that when we talk about child development. So, brain development then just as a segway from the last material we covered, this is important because at conception, literally at that moment, where the first trimester,
12:09
that first moment of the brain, that first moment when it's starting to kinda form, is just shocking. That all of what we are and will become is beginning in this kind of unique moment in time. By the way, we call these trimesters, as you know. The first trimester involving the first three weeks. The first brain cells are clearly evident after three weeks from conception. Seven weeks, you'll find clear indications of a brain stem. Then the face, and the hands, and the feet
12:48
are evident and the baby is grasping, and frowning, squinting, and grimacing at this time. This picture shows in essence how clear developed in human, this is even during the first trimester. Taste and smell during the 20th week. Cortex controlling limbs, this is an important period in milestones the 22nd week, when the brain is able to have a little bit more control over the limbs. Interneurons, we've talked about those a while back. Interneurons are...
13:26
Not only are they formed, but they begin to link up cells. And then we have sleep/wake patterns. Which clearly shows brain activity that they'll carry with them for a long time. That sleep/wake kinda pattern at 30 weeks. The fetus can survive outside the womb sometime in this period. After 23 weeks if a baby's born, by the way, if the baby's born in 23 weeks, at 23 weeks, there's probably only about a 10% survival rate. But if the baby is born just three weeks later,
14:02
at 26 weeks after conception, there's a 90% survival rate. So, between 23 and 26, they go from 10% survival rate to 90% and technology has helped that some what. But, also probably because that brain has matured enough to control certain things. So, certainly that fetus being surviving
14:25
has moved up a little bit. I say this because the brain has important implications
14:31
and certainly we can find evidence for lots of these things,
14:37
and our understanding of how the brain develops and works has been influenced by some new technology that before, we weren't sure about.
14:49
This helps, especially in the abortion debate, an issue understanding that these babies from the moment of conception are human, they're very human and they're very much alive. They may not be able to survive outside the womb, but evidence, until you know about the 23rd week or 24th. But it's clear, that a lot of people have misunderstood
15:19
how powerful, how deep, and how deeply human this baby is from the get go.
15:25
So, all that to say as we're exploring more and more of this, even using some cool technology called 4D sonograms. I'll show you a picture of a 4D sonogram. It's pretty cool.
15:38
Just showing the amazing, almost miracle that occurs in this idea of the brain of a baby.
15:48
So, those are the trimesters. We'll talk a little about them, but your book talks some about development.
15:56
There's just some cool things about childhood and children. So, I wanted to mark this here for you. We will talk some about children. I just want to share one verse that is really kinda powerful, I think. And it's this idea, it's ready? When ever we see children there's a very powerful feeling most of us have. We are attracted to them, we're drawn to them, we want to protect them. And there's things about a child that pulls that out of most humans, most adults.
16:26
And if you ever are blessed to have children or to adopt children, or to be around them a lot you'll know that this verse in 1St John is an amazing verse. You don't have to write it down, necessarily. But, it's 1st John 3:1. How great is the love the father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God. And that is what we are. Even that exclamation point. Wait, that is what we are? We're a child of God? I remember when I had our first kid, thinking...
17:00
I didn't want a kid by the way. I wanted a child, I wanted a bunch but I remember thinking the only negative about it would be I wouldn't love my wife as much, because I had to love this kid now. So you have to take your love and go, okay I love you a lot, but now I gotta love his kid. So, somebody's gotta give something up.
17:20
I know it's an odd way of thinking, but it turns out, the kid comes out and you realize, I love that kid. And I still love her the same. Does that make sense? It's like you have more capacity. Just as I thought, I don't want a second kid 'cause then I'll love them less than the first kid. And that's true, I don't love him as much. [laughing] No, it's not true. So, you go, I love my wife and I love this kid, and I love her too. So, it's like a diamond, it's got all these fascids.
17:47
Then I realized, that's how God loves me? I would do anything for that kid. I'd protect him, I'd die for him, I'd beat up anybody for them, I'd do whatever. And that's what God will do for us. That's why there's an exclamation point and the word lavish, and that's what we are. So, that's pretty cool. So, it's just a thought.
18:06
So...
18:12
There are some fundamental issues that we're skipping very quickly through. I was gonna say skip over, but we're not. We're gonna just briefly touch upon them and those do occur in the chapters in Meyers textbook. That you oughta read. Especially, considering one of the key issues that underlies a study of development is the nature nurture issue. I've alluded to it a couple of times. When we talk about what we're born with or what our parents have influenced by, us by,
18:45
how our genetic make up has led us to be more delayed gratifiers. Or maybe some of the ways in, maybe some of the ways in which we strong impulse control. That's getting at the heart of the question, are you born shy or not born shy for example, is nature nurture. You've heard of this. I'mma only just touch on it briefly so you should be aware of the issue because it is a key point, but this is known as the, this genes versus experience.
19:13
Are you who you are tody sitting here with your personality, your proclivities, your gifts, your skills, your talents, your passions, you interest in certain people because of genes or experience.
19:28
And it's really a fascinating endeavor. They took little baby sheep and baby goats and when they were born, these male baby sheep and male baby goats were switched.
19:45
And baby goats, boys, boy baby goats were raised by a mother sheep, that was a sheep. And the mothers were happy they didn't know any different. They knew the kid looked kind of weird, but they just went ahead like, wow alright that mine I guess. So, all of these goat moms had all these little boy sheep and raised them up. And then the question was, as they got older and matured who would these now adult males be attracted to.
20:16
Here's a baby sheep that's a boy raised by a mommy goat. And now you put him in a pin with other adult females and the question is, is he going to go after, he's a sheep boy, is he going to be attracted to the sheep? Or is he gonna be attracted to somebody that looks like mom, the goat? Is that a cool question? Genetics, what does it play? What about experience? What about raising? How, it's a fundamental question. Do you wanna know the answer? >> Audience: Yes.
20:45
>> Well, I'm not gonna tell ya because it's not part, no I am. The answer, the little boys went to the animal, the female, that looked just like mom.
20:56
That's who they were attracted to. So, a little boy sheep were attracted to the female goats. And it's persisted like that for almost forever. What does that mean? That's what sheep and goats do. Is it something that happens to us in our experiences with our family and our, that says that's a interesting kind of study that begins to tease out. And by the way, humans, we do the same questions about why am I like this, why am I, why do I like this kind of thing and not that?
21:27
Why do I, why do I have the ability to travel well
21:32
and have an adventure? And doesn't have anything to do with my parents, it doesn't have anything to do with, I'm just wired that way. How many think, raise your hand if you say, gosh I am like either my mom or my dad in a lot, a lot, a lot of ways? How many? Raise your hand. Half of you are raising your hand. How many say you're not sure if you're like your mom or dad in any way you're just kind of a unique, different from them? So, most of you have some tendencies like that.
21:58
How many, ready, of you believed you had a personality that was kinda like this as a kid and you're very different in one aspect or feature of your personality? How many say you've gone through kind of a little radical change in that?
22:13
That's another question we're gonna have. Do personalities, are they stable? Do they change? Can we make major... So, these are all fundamental issues. Let me finish genes versus experience because it reminds me of a Psalm. King David wrote a Psalm as you know Psalm 139. Search me oh God, you know this one? Search me oh God and know my heart try me and know my anxious thoughts, that Psalm. Well, at the beginning at that Psalm he talks about I was formed in my mother's womb.
22:36
He says things like you created me in my inmost being. You knitted me together there. I praise you because I'm fearfully and wonderfully made. Your works are wonderful, I know that full well. My frame was not hidden from you when I was made in the secret place. When I was woven together in the depths of the earth, your eyes saw my unformed body. All the days were ordained for me were written in your book before one of them came to be. I think David is writing about this experience
23:04
or what that's like and this notion of who he is, formed in the womb. And the question that psychologists have been trying to answer is, wow how much is biological and genetic, and how much is from experience?
23:19
So, we break it down this way. Certainly there are genetic factors that makes us the way we are. I know I tend to have from my pure, just straight forward genetics, from what my mom and parents have told me, you've kind of always been this way. And it feels as if I came out that way. That's genetic. There is something, oh by the way, let's look at some other genetic factors. Some of you have an earlobe that's attached to your, like this one is attached and some have unattached earlobes.
23:53
Have you ever noticed that before? That's genetic. So, some of you, you can look around and ask people if you don't know your own ear. [laughing] Whether yours is attached or not attached. Some other genetics go like this, ready? You didn't influence this, but some of you if I ask you to do this, ready, take your hands and put' em together like this.
24:14
Well, some of you are going to put, like me, your left thumb on top. How many have your left thumb on top? Let me see. How many have your right thumb on top? Now, try and switch that and see what that feels like. It's not genetic and it's weird.
24:32
By the way, it's the same thing when you cross your hands, left thumb on top. Sometimes when you cross one hand is on top, you see when I cross my hands, my left is on top. How many have your left on top and your left thumb?
24:44
Left thumb and left hand on top. How many have your right hand on top? Yeah, okay, so it's weird. Try to do it the other way. It's like I can't even cross my hands, arms that way. [laughing] So, we have these genetic preferences right?
25:01
All of this, the question comes in, does that have any influence on my behavior. Just because I can do this or just because I can make my tongue, some of you can bend your tongue and do odd things with it. What you do? Some people just don't have that. Or we have some other really interesting ways. But, the question comes down to, any of these little things, do they have an influence on our behavior? Well, probably what you do here really doesn't change much about how you behave.
25:31
But, there's gotta be some other genetic influences that do, and I told you shyness, after research by Jerome Kagan and his team at Harvard have discovered that shyness may very well be attributed, about 80% of it to our genetic biological experiences, our background. Okay, our genetic biology setting in shyness at about an 80% rate. But, that means there's still variation. What other variables, and by the way, we now realize most traits have a combination of things.
26:04
So, there's not only genetic, by the way the next level are these other variables, which are called nurture. Or environmental factors. So, you can be exposed to certain chemicals as a baby. Prenatally, and that could influence your behavior.
26:22
So, some kids have had the experience in the womb of experiencing certain kinds of chemical influences which have shaped who they are, and how they're going to live or behave. Sometimes it's after, after birth postnatal.
26:40
And sometimes some of you just are in general all of us experience somethings that we all share together.
26:50
My guess is the majority of you shared one thing,
26:56
but you may, but I don't know if you... How many of you would say 9-11 you remembered it? You remembered where you were, what you were doing? And it kind of had an impact on you? Or you still think about it? Starting to fade a little bit, because how old were you all during that time? Most of you were like five. How many were five years old at that time? Six? Any seven? Okay, not a lot. Maybe a little older.
27:25
How many four? Any were four? A couple of four year olds. How many of you even remember? You were, it was young, ready? That experiential factor has a lot of bearing on people, let's say that are your age and older. They just remember that if they live in this country. And some other countries as well. That general experiential factor had a broader influence and it shaped people. But, there's also individual experiential factors. Things that have happened to you,
27:53
maybe that haven't happened to other people. And they've influenced what you're like. Maybe you've had an encounter of being lost or being scared of a certain thing, and now you're a little bit worried, or shy, or have these connections to something. That's individual experiential factors. And then, traumatic factors. So parents peers gender culture all of these are influential parts to determining some of us our variations of personality
28:22
related to let's say nurture or environmental factors. Okay, so quite possibly 40 to 50% of individual variation and personality may be due to genetics. That's not saying much. That's not saying it's a mix, a hodgepodge. Do you understand the nature, nurture issue, you've read it? Understood, seen it before? I hope, if not, this is a very quick summary. The textbook covers this in like four or five pages. But, I just summarized it for you. So, you don't have to spend too much time with that.
28:50
Questions so far, anything?
28:53
Any pause, any moment, like okay let's talk about that? Let's, y'all good?
29:01
Alright, development by leaps and bounds is the the continuity, discontinuity issue. Then, are personalities stable? And we'll look at people's, for example, a biblical great example that occurs in the bible in the book of Act chapter nine is Paul's conversion. Where this person Saul had a radical experience with God and it changed his personality so to speak, it changed him and in fact from that point forward he was called Paul, not Saul. But, the question comes in,
29:36
do we have radical moments like that? Does God ever come in and change people and their personalities are just like wow different? I would say Paul, his life experiences were very much impacted by this. But, was he still Paul?
29:54
People knew Paul let's say the years before that if they met him a few years after his radical experience on the road to Damascus, would they go, wow I know your name's Paul now, and I know you follow Jesus.
30:11
But, would they still say he's still Paul?
30:16
And that question is he probably is. But, each of us have had experiences. each of us have had maybe encounters. Maybe not as dramatic, but the question is does your personalities, do they ever change over time. Can we radically go from being not a shy kid, to also being a shy adult? And these are questions that developmental psychologists ask. Are they stable? Is development gradual? Or do you develop by leaps and bounds? Are there any questions on that? Just wanna give you an overview.
30:42
No good? Alright, so to top off the idea of prenatal development what I want to spend a little time looking at are, there are just different stages of development. So, at before birth the stages of development called prenatal of course, pre birth. Something during the first two weeks of conception
31:11
we would call that the zygote stage. So, a baby between conception to two weeks we're going to call the zygote stage. It's known as that, the arrow is pointing at nothing. It'd be very small, if I tried to put it up to you you wouldn't be able to see it with a naked eye. Well, pretty much not, it's just that small. It starts to do a variety of major changes. So much so, that by the second week we're now calling this the embryo stage. And at the end of the embryo stage,
31:48
it is clear that we're talking about a human that looks human, the hands, the feet, everything is this process. So, from two to eight weeks, and what do we call after eight weeks, what stage? Yeah, it's in the fetal stage at that point. So, the fetal stage eight weeks to birth.
32:11
So, these kind of modeled pictures of what a baby will look like. And by the time the eight week is here up to birth this baby's fingers and toes, and the clearly identifiable human images for it that... And so here, you have, by the way this is an actual 4D sonogram of one of my kids. Because I went in, I know it's so cool. 'Cause look at that, that's inside the womb. Look how clear that is. Watch the baby can even smile and move. I have other images, but I still remember the day
32:50
the first person told me about a 4D sonogram. Because we were using these, you know the old ultrasound ones. So, I have these two older kids and have these ultrasounds for them, and they were like you can't see anything. And they go oh, the person running it would go oh look at the baby. And you're like, wow that looks like a mountain or snow, or ya just couldn't make anything out. Oh, look at how cute the heart. Like, that's the heart, wow. So, when we went in for our third kid
33:20
we had a 10 year gap.
33:22
The reason we had a 10 year gap by the way, I'll tell ya the story later, but my wife gets really sick and so we stop having kids. But, anyway we went in and so I went in, literally almost to the same place. And the lady goes okay, we'll do an ultrasound now. And I go, you guys still use the same equipment, I mean there's been like a technological computer revolution that's happened, you just gotta upgrade your software. And they're like no, we still use these sono, these things,
33:48
but she goes here's a cool thing, go check out these 4D sonograms. And we went and they'd only been out for about a year. And there were only three in the United States. One down in like, I don't know, Long Beach or where ever we went. We've gotta hook her up to this. And I'll show you a video of it at some point maybe. But, it's a very clear picture and it's changed the way we think about prenatal development when it changes because you get a picture
34:16
that's really clear of what's going on inside. So, that's the fetal stage. I think most of you have seen this. By the way, that baby is growing very big, very quickly. You can see here, the mom wouldn't even necessarily know and then it gets to this size. When Alissa, when our babies grew moms carry them differently if you've ever seen pregnant moms. Like some, you look and they don't really look pregnant. My wife looked pregnant at about three months a long.
34:43
Because our babies for some reason grew this way.
34:48
And so, it was so shocking to see her at like four or five months. It's like [gasps] how are you gonna fit that baby. Our babies grew like Superman, like that. [laughing] Leaning out, so she would like bump me all the time. People would stop us and go, aw man are you about ready to give birth, no I'm five months pregnant, be like aw sorry. [laughing] She just grew' em out there. Some moms are like this, you can't even see. Not Alissa, it was so bad that the fifth month I had a dream
35:26
that I was in line at the cafeteria over here, standing there and somebody had a tray and they kept bumping me with their tray. And I'm like dude, I'm in line and you keep bumping me. And I woke up with my wife's stomach. [laughing]
35:44
So, I like slept in another bed like from five, because we couldn't fit man. There's like this little, I don't know it wasn't a twin but it wasn't much bigger apparently. And she took up the whole thing.
35:55
I'm not saying she was, I'm not being mean. She wasn't fat, she just carried her babies, Superman babies. [laughing] I even took pictures of her every kinda like three weeks in the same place, standing in same like here, to show the growth. So, we have' em like every roo, roo, roo. And I had to turn it wide angle, the camera. [laughing]
36:16
Poor thing, okay. At this age, I'll tell ya one quick story at this age right here this baby, the mom... How many know a mom or somebody who had morning sickness? Some of you all may have, because by the way what happens is these moms produce glue and that baby right here sticks right here. Using a glue right here, and I'm simplifying things.
36:40
But, this glue is what makes mom sick. And it's a very powerful substance so that baby doesn't shake loose and so it produces that and that's what causes morning sickness. We were in Russia, we were there studying a language taking some students over there and we didn't know we were pregnant. Alissa, my wife is throwing up all over Red Square. And so, every where we went, [blah] and before long [blah] Like good night, Alissa what's up with that? She's sick every where.
37:07
And it kept going the next day, and the next day, and the next day, and the next day, and now we're all concerned. Like man, lis what's going on? She goes, I don't know. This is bad, I've never had the stomach flu like this. We were praying, dear Lord please remove this sickness. [laughing]
37:27
Remove this sickness and there's a thing called glue that didn't whatever. So, we just kept praying for her and we didn't know in a month, no, no, three weeks later. So, we finally fly back to the states and we pull, cause back then it was Soviet times of Russia and so she gets a pregnancy test in New York and she goes just on a spur, there's gotta be an answer. And sure enough that's what it was. She's so sick, check this out, she throws up every 45 minutes.
37:57
When she's pregnant for three straight months, no food or liquid can go into her mouth, even her own saliva. She throws up, it's called hyperemesis gravidarum. Hyper means a lot emesis means throw up. [laughing] Gravidarum means it's very dangerous. To not the baby, but to her. Every 45 minutes, so how did she eat? Food and liquid went into her veins. And that's the only way she ate so I'd eat like a hamburger and I'd take a little IV bag and [laughing] hey, Alissa lets eat. [laughing]
38:33
She'd sit there like this, aw this is really good. [laughing] [blah] like that. [laughing] Every 45 minutes. So, we said no more children if this doesn't get fixed. But, we didn't know it wasn't so we had number two. And guess what happened? The same thing. It was so bad you guys that the vein, this is bad, where's the... The veins, there would be a lot of... [laughing]
39:05
But, anyway they put these needle things in her arms just to get, but it would be so bad they'd do the other arm, had to do the other arm, and then the other arm. So, it would be all these really bad things and they finally got a pick line in. And then after about like, the sixth month she was able to take' em out and start to eat some food. But, all the veins were messed up. And so, one day she's sitting there in bed and this is the only time I've ever heard my wife cuss.
39:29
I was in bed and she cussed. I was lying there, that's out now, and it's about midnight, and I'm a deep sleeper, and I hear this, I hear, whatever she's saying. I go what's up? Because I wasn't. [laughing] Oh what's up? And she goes aw something's wrong, it just really hurts. My sides, because of like... What is it, the baby? She goes, I don't think it's the baby, it just, it hurts. And so, I go what do you wanna do? She goes, let me just go walk around for a while.
39:58
And I go okay, so I did what you should do as a husband. I fell back asleep. [laughing] Because I needed to be rested man, because it was gonna be, so I fell asleep and I get woken up like about 20 minutes later. Like, aw man aw, well does it still hurt, what happened, what's goin' on? She says it's really bad, it hurts. I go well do we need to call the doctor? I don't know, it just hurts. I'm like what should we do? She's like, I don't know, I'll just get up
40:21
and walk around and get something to eat, maybe that'll help, okay. So, once again, I fell asleep. [laughing] And the third time I woke up and I called the doctor, because here's what I heard, one word, damn. And I went [gasps].
40:36
[laughing] You cussed. [laughing] You cussed, you that's messed up, I'm calling the doctor man. I called the doctor, say, what's wrong, my wife she just cussed man. There is somethin' wrong with her. She's like, [gasps] I can't believe she said that. That sounds like something I would say. [laughing] so, we rush her in the hospital. Guess what was happening? The doctor, first of all looked at her and goes, oh well let's check it out. You're in pain, where's your pain?
41:03
Right there, and she, it just hurts so bad blah, blah, blah. And you know we told her she was pregnant and the doctor goes, well okay, let's get you started and figure out what we can do you're pregnant. So, the doctor calls me say, excuse me sir can I talk to you, like yeah, yeah. And she came over and she goes, oh she's a user huh. And I go, a user, no. 'Cause she had all the vein marks. [laughing] And I went, naw, she just cussed man, she's not a user. [laughing] Naw, I didn't say that.
41:31
I just said, naw, she's pregnant. She got all the ya know, problems, she goes, oh. I'm like, does she look like a user? Anyway, all that to say, so they fixed her up, she had a kidney stone. >> Audience: Aww! >> She said Chris, I'd rather give birth to a baby than a kidney stone. These things hurt really bad. Why am I telling you these stories? [laughing] Glue, babies, make you sick, and so, oh by the way... I know, end of the story, ready? Second baby it happened, so we stopped having babies.
42:05
That's it, why would you wanna somebody to go through that. It was rotten and painful. So, we stopped. I had a hard time with this one though. I was like, I can't do it. Maybe they'll be a cure one day Lis. And she's like, well stay away until then.l [laughing]
42:21
And so, it didn't happen. Somebody through something at me. [laughing]
42:33
And then 10 years later check it out, 10 years later. When she walks into, we were at this conference, she was all sick. Does it smell in here, like nope. Gosh, it stinks, I'm getting sick. Like what, wow, alright, whatever. And then she was sick that night and the next morning. I'm in a meeting and she calls me up at noon because she's gotta go back to the room. I know why I'm sick. I'm thinkin', wait you know why you're sick, why would that be? And she pulls out a pregnancy test.
42:59
And I wanted to smile because I wanted more kids. And I ran as fast as I could, 'cause she was gonna kill me. [laughing] I know, because she's like you idiot, look at that.
43:13
[laughing] Blah and she through up. [laughing] And I was so happy man, I was seriously, like we've gotta another kid. And she was sick the whole time. And we took, I know horrible. We took Zofran, it really helped. It's a pain thing, whatever I don't know. But, man that's a long story man. That's messed up. All that to say, mom's make glue that gives them morning sickness. [laughing] Alright, then there are other potentially harmful viruses or chemicals that come into play.
43:48
By the way we no longer are going to have children. There's a guarantee on that one.
43:59
Yep. [laughing]
44:03
It was like within 24 hours, here's the pregnancy test, guess what I setup an appointment for you. [laughing] So German measles, alcohol, x-rays, drugs, nicotine potentially harmful viruses or chemicals that can cross the barrier between mom and babies. So, moms make this helpful, ya know glue. Babies, can be harmed however by things that are coming from the outside. These are just a few small things that can influence a child's development, growth,
44:33
and ultimate survivability if these get too high. So, we call them teratogens. And there's a study of when these happen and how they can cross, and at what time, and their influence. By the way, the brain, the functioning I told you about before does come into play when we talk about the abortion issue. Because some would like to say that it's okay to abort the baby if there's no identifiable brain functioning. We can't really see that until the 22nd week when the cortex is, but you can actually
45:08
see brain activity earlier than that and survivability. So, really these arguments for abortion are really, in my mind, are arguments that don't hold a lot of weight. Simply, because you can't argue against the fact that this is a baby in there. But, it has a lot to do with brain function. So, that's why I told you a little bit about the brain and it's development over time. The newborn. Alright, let's try this. That's Caroline when she came out. Her middle name, the drug we took was Zofran,
45:39
so that's her middle name. No it's not, that would be odd, Caroline Zofran.
45:46
No, it's Genevieve, but Zofran did help. My mother, my wife was able to like at the sixth month. Then she could start taking food and liquid in. She still got a little bit nauseated, but it was a lot better towards the end.
46:00
So, there we go. Motor development, but when the baby is born there's these rooting reflexes, there's these moral reflexes you'll see them in the textbook. Let me show a couple of' em. If you go like this to a baby, as soon as that baby comes out and you touch' em right here, they turn and they start to suck. And that's a great behavioral response because, guess what, babies come equipped to suck and we can use their sucking reflex to ask what they like.
46:29
What they prefer. We know they prefer their mom's voice because you can give a baby, you can measure it's sucking when it here's it's mom's voice versus when it hears somebody else's voice. And we can measure the rate of sucking and we realize it's different when they hear their mom's voice versus any other voice. So, we know there's some sort of knowledge of what mom sounds like, and prefers. And we could use that sucking reflex, so that's just an example where the rooting reflex.
47:00
So, here's another kinda couple of videos, lets see if these play. I hope they do. >> Narrator: Babies are born with a set of reflexes critical for survival in the outside world. Some of these reflexes are so obvious you might not think to look for them. Such as the breathing reflex. Or the eye blink reflex.
47:21
Routine is one of the most critical reflexes. By touching four week old Lilly's cheek, she'll turn her head and open her mouth in preparation for nursing.
47:34
Once the baby is in contact with a breast, a bottle, or even a finger the sucking reflex takes over. Involuntary at first, the neonate will gradually gain control over sucking during the first year.
47:49
Placing liquid in the mouth will induce the swallowing reflex.
47:55
>> Narrator two: In the first few weeks of life it takes all the baby's concentration just to control these various uncoordinated reflexes. At this age, feeding Julia can take over an hour. After about six weeks though, Julia will be a pro. There are other reflexes babies are born with that we don't completely understand. In the first two months, babies exhibit the stepping reflex. This is probably a precursor to walking. Watch Lilly's toes fan out and curl. This is the Babinski reflex,
48:33
which occurs when the bottom of a baby's foot is stroked.
48:37
>> Doctor: You can also do it here. Toes curling in.
48:43
>> Narrator two: When pressure is placed on the baby's hand you can see the grasping reflex at work.
48:50
Lilly's grasp is strong enough to support almost her entire body weight. For a few seconds at least. When, startled or dropped, a baby may respond with the Moro reflex. The arms fling outward and inward, as if the baby were groping for support. Two month old Julia doesn't even need to be awake to demonstrate this reflex. [laughing] Okay, you can see some reflexes, the startle reflex and all that. They weren't gonna, they didn't drop her. [laughing]
49:23
Babies, as I told you we know their preferences, voices and faces, and smell, and sound of the mother in particular. And we use things like what they stare at, so we can watch what a baby looks at they become interested in something they stare at longer. If something is interesting or confusing they stare at it longer. Or they suck on a nipple longer, or they will prefer or turn their head in the direction of somethings that they find interesting. We could also look at some behaviors
49:52
that give us other ideas of preferences. We can even look at some brain pattern behavior to tell us. But, the cool one as well, besides this, I think what I told you about social interchanges when a baby goes like this [babbling] and the mom answers back. That is a social interchange that has reciprocal influences. That leads these babies to develop the foundation for things like conversations, communication. And we call these social interchanges, these very powerful reciprocal influences
50:26
that are occurring.
50:28
One of these that... Some of these involve early social responses like who they become attached to. What we call this kind of almost love concept of attachment and bonding that is done
50:47
when a baby can be afraid or when a baby is content or happy. But, there's some weird, interesting, cool studies that examine this attachment behavior and what I'd like you to do is look at some of the Harlow studies that are out there on physical contact. And I'll show you some of those videos on Wednesday. But, before I do, if you have a kid that you'd like to bring to class, email me. And again, around two o'clock on Monday I'll show you some videos from Harry Harlow's early studies
51:23
on physical contact and then we'll start looking into the mind of a child
51:30
on whatever day that is next, Monday. And so, alright. We'll see ya then.
51:39
>> Female One: Biola University offers a variety of biblically centered degree programs. Ranging from business to ministry, to the arts and sciences. Visit biola.edu to find out how Biola could make a difference in your life.
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