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Structural Violence and Stratification · Acedra
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Structural Violence and Stratification
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0:00
First part of structural violence we're going to cover social stratification
0:07
This one's a bit lengthy so we may split it into two but we'll see
0:15
The ideas were going to define structural violence look at the characteristics of social stratification Vacation Hierarchical structures Such as class ethnicity and gender Patterns of wealth and income inequality Stratification and how that relates to life chances and an inequality and violence
0:41
This is a quote by Robert kennedy
0:47
Taz said by a congresswoman there is another kind of violence in america slower But just as deadly destructive as the shock or bomb in the night This is the violence of institutions Indifference and inaction and slow decay
1:06
This is the violence that affects the poor The poisons relations between men and women because their skin is different colors
1:15
This is the slow destruction of a child Fight hunger And schools without books And homes without heat in the winter
1:27
Structural violence is defined as violence that occurs in the context of Establishing maintaining extending or reducing Hierarchical relations between categories of people within a society
1:45
And violence can be an outcome Of how we have organized the society in terms of life chances Or it can be an outcome of systems of stratification within a society
2:02
So What is social stratification it's the ranking of people In a vertical arrangement that's top to bottom That differentiates them as Either superior or inferior to each other
2:23
So
2:26
If you've listened to any of my Other lectures this is the table that i'm talking about where you're either sitting at the head of The table or you're sitting somewhere along the the line till you get to the end
2:44
Social stratification refers to structural inequality structured Is the presence of forces that create these patterns it's not a result of biology This is not a People are genetically inferior or anything like that This is a social creation
3:09
And Social patterning of stratification is found in the distribution of rewards Rules for behavior And social Expectations and perceptions
3:25
Pattern behavior is also achieved through the socialization process
3:32
So what are these characteristics of the systems
3:38
Social stratification is a characteristic of society has no relation to The individuals
3:50
It is universal and variable
3:54
It persist over generations this is a long-term issue It is supported by beliefs and ideologies And people in a society may be conscious or unconscious of their position
4:12
Within those systems
4:16
If you remember in the previous section we had talked about False consciousness Where you believe you are part of a certain group and you indeed are not That is being unconscious of your position
4:46
So hierarchical structures within societies Societies of the world today are organized in at least four
4:56
Fundamental Hierarchical relations
5:01
And those are class Gender Ethnic or racial identity and age
5:09
Violence is a means to maintain the structures And the structures themselves have violent outcomes and how they relate to opportunities Sun life chances Where structural violence is intersected with interpersonal and institutional we see Violence to create maintain or change these structures So these are The individuals
5:39
And institutions who are attempting to change This hierarchy And
5:48
That is an intersection where we generally see violence
5:53
Where structural violence is violence in and of itself We see how position affects life changes Life chances including life expectancy
6:08
So in which of these positions positions in any society are you going to find the highest rate of violence And the lowest life expectancy
6:20
Something will Get to
6:27
So social class
6:30
This is a category of people who have a common relationship 2 production As in This is related to your work What you do Class structure in a capitalist society such as what we have There has the following class positions there's a capitalist these are the owners that control Correction the working class they don't own anything that's Far as business they don't control production But they sell their capacity to work
7:11
So these are the people that go in and say okay i might not own the factory But i will sell you my labor
7:20
Whatever you're asking prices
7:24
There's two other positions that are important that are not central these are the end of Producers self-employed people and the managerial class And the managerial class they don't Own anything But they control the production for those who do
7:49
The the this is the earlier the most recent one i could find of distributions of wealth and income The united states
7:58
As you can see here
8:01
This is Net worth Vs financial wealth
8:24
And as you can see the top 1% Owns a majority and then the next 4% from that And then the next five and then the bottom 80% That's the majority of the people but they have the least amount of the resources Here's another one on net worth versus age as you can see
8:53
The worst goes up as age goes up generally speaking There's kind of a bell curve
9:05
For that median Is it doesn't count equity
9:10
This middle part here where it says median net worth that includes home equity and stuff like that Which you only get if your homeowner for that as well
9:24
Here's another one
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Versus
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Age of the householder Of the The married couple and then it has what the male and female make
9:41
Then there's another one with age median net worth
9:47
This is walt distribution by the type of asset whether you have business equity trust Stocks and bonds
9:58
The pizza bottom 90% of people don't have a lot of the stuff But that's what makes up a lot of the assets and Wealth of the
10:11
Top 10%
10:18
So The list shows the actual wealth distribution of the us
10:26
And then What americans think the wealth distribution is and then what they would like it to be As you can see
10:37
There's a lot of disparity here
10:41
In 2011 a perfect couple of professors from duke Asked almost 6000 people how they thought wealth Should be split up and they asked participants to gas How it actually was and then write up help me know what their idea was and this is where it came out at
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As you can see there weren't very many the actual is very different than what people think and What they think the ideal is this big blue bar. That's the top 20% people they So well that they own is Over twice what the ideal would be When you ask normal people
11:31
This is income distribution This is a comparison between 1967 and 2007 as you can see there's not I mean there's some change here
11:46
The national income going to the top one 1% has doubled From 10 to 20% And for the top .01% it is quadrupled
12:01
This is the Average after-tax income You can see the Top 1% is this brown bar at the very top that's kind of going off the chart Everybody else is kind of stayed where they're at at down at the bottom
12:25
Next is ethnic stratification ethnic and racial Conflict and hierarchies Play an increasingly important role In the distribution of life chances Both within and between different societies
12:46
The conflict and the competition
12:52
Scarce resources often fall along racial and ethnic lines Because these distinctions are important in defining position in the labor market And world economy as determined in the terms of Political and economic positions of different nations
13:16
The positioning Is results of the heritage of empires The nature of imperialism that dominates the history of relation Since between peoples and between nations Around the globe
13:36
Ethnic disadvantage And advantage becomes institutionalized by racist and Attitudes and institutional practices Bet justify maintain and extend the hierarchy Ethnic relations so this is based on conquest
14:02
If
14:05
Your nation or country Was Conquered by White european settlers They become
14:20
The dominant
14:23
Ethnic group in that area such as was the case in the united It states as well as many other places across the world
14:38
And everyone else
14:40
Becomes lower on that category Dependent on
14:47
Their roles within these different conquest as well
14:54
This is a graph of Median household income by race
15:02
So we have asians Non-hispanic whites
15:09
Hispanics like any hispanics And then blacks So Yes asians make more
15:19
But asians and non-hispanic whites make significantly more That hispanics and blacks and if you Know your history of world conquest White's did not at any point Concur
15:46
Patience Which is why you see that disparity there These are wealth ratios this is black and white and then white hispanic
16:07
Keep in mind these are ratios so when it gets up to 2009 you're seeing 1 to 19 and 1 to 15
16:27
Child poverty By race As you can see in this left part Whites are down at roughly 11% Blacks is 35 Hispanics 31 and native americans 31
16:54
That was 2008-2016 child poverty decline foremost Racial and ethnic groups Lights went down Asians went down
17:09
Everybody else stayed pretty close
17:16
If you haven't watched it please do so this is that clip from the homepage
17:23
Gender stratification
17:27
All societies today are patriarchal in nature as it relates to the distribution of power Can gender lines Patriarchal
17:37
Man over woman Male dominant With very few exceptions men rule all of the institutions that make up today's society In every institutional arena Men systematically have more power than women do
17:55
If you don't believe that look at the makeup of The senate look at the makeup of the house look at the makeup of
18:06
All of your Government officials
18:10
Even though
18:13
Male to female ratios is about 50/50 You're not going to find that in positions of power
18:22
It's not going to be a 50/50 split
18:25
Women are directed and controlled by men in the performance of their roles within those Institutions And that's the case no matter what institution we look at whether it's family political education or religious or economy
18:42
The ultimate power of men is expressed in their ability to define women As significant
18:50
Principally in terms of their relationship to men
18:58
So what is patriarchy since we need to know since this is what this is our reality It's a form of social organization in which males dominate females
19:09
It is the institutionalized domination of women by men In all social institutions
19:18
So what is the essence of male power we have violence
19:24
Men control women through violence in both public and private spheres Men control economic resources Men dominate all positions of state power as i said with politics Men dominate all positions of religious organizations as well as The religion themselves we're often B Male is Given the divine authority over the female
19:54
Gender stratification varies in degree Although male dominance is universal
20:06
This next section is economic power I think this is probably a good place to stay Stop
20:20
There will be a part 2 to the section
20:25
So please make sure that you look at that pieces well
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